TEORI KEKUASAAN MICHAEL FOUCAULT: TANTANGAN BAGI SOSIOLOGI POLITIK
Abstract
Kekuasaan kerap diperbincangkan dalam wacana politik atau sosiologi politik. Dalam
konteks ini, kekuasaan dipahami sebagai kualitas, kapasitas atau modal untuk mencapai
tujuan tertentu dari pemiliknya. Foucault tidak menolak cara pandang semacam ini, tapi hal
itu tidak cukup untuk memahami praktik penundukan yang tak kasat mata. Pandangan yang
lebih kritis tentang kekuasaan muncul dalam kajian budaya. Konsep Gramsci tentang
hegemoni sering digunakan untuk membongkar kemapanan budaya dalam proses dominasi
yang terselubung. Dalam penjelasan yang lebih canggih, kekuasaan bekerja melampaui caracara
hegemonik, yang mana hal ini dikonsepsikan Foucault sebagai governmentality. Tulisan
ini membahas konsep inti dalam pemikiran Foucault tentang kekuasaan. Dalam tulisan ini
diuraikan pula perdebatan tentang relasi dominasi dan relasi kekuasaan yang sering dipahami
secara tumpang-tindih dalam kajian politik atau sosiologi politik.
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