Differentiation, Promotion, and Interest in Building Spiritual Capital Muzzaki
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the formulation of variables that influence between differentiation, promotion, and zakat interest in forming spiritual capital in muzakki. Differentiation, promotion, and interest in this study use a religious approach in developing indicators that are used to explain the spiritual capital in muzakki. Purposive sampling is a technique used in this study, namely as many as 100 muzakki people who channel zakat through the National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS) in Indonesia. Testing of research data using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that differentiation and promotion leads to increased zakat interest, but differentiation and promotion does not lead to an increase in spiritual capital in muzaaki. The formation of spiritual capital in muzakki is explained through interest formed from the differentiation and promotion that has been carried out by the Amil Zakat Agency in Indonesia (BAZNAS). From the results of PLS testing shows that the influence of differentiation mediated by promotion has a greater influence on the interest of muzakki to tithe. Promotion plays a role as a link between differentiation and the formation of zakat interests to become a spiritual capital in muzakki.
Downloads
References
Amarjit Gill, Neil Mathur, (2018) "Religious beliefs and the promotion of socially responsible entrepreneurship in the Indian agribusiness industry", Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, Vol. 8 Issue: 1, pp.201-218
Gus Arifin, Zakat Infak Sedekah, Jakarta: PT Gramedia, 2011, hlm 4
Wahbah Al-Zuhayly, Zakat Kajian Berbagai Mazhab, Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya,2008, hlm. 83
Hooley, G.J., Piercy, N.F., Nicoulaud, B. and Rudd, J.M. (2017), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, 6th ed., Pearson Education Limited, Harlow
Theodore Roosevelt Malloch, (2010) "Spiritual capital and practical wisdom", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 29 Issue: 7/8, pp.755-759,
Geoffrey M. Hodgson. (2014) What is capital? Economists and sociologists have changed its meaning: should it be changed back? Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 38, Issue 5, 1 September 2014, Pages 1063–1086
Walker, A., Mullins, J.W., Gountas, J.I., Avondo, F.T., Kriz, A. and Osborne, C. (2015), Marketing Strategy: A Decision-Focused Approach, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
Yu, Y.X. and Zhou, H. (2018) Red or Blue? The Influence of Background Color on Promotion Value Perception. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 8, 619-637.
Guo, S. and Yin, C.Y. (2015). The Response of Consumers to Marketing Information Framework Based on Different Face View of Adjusting Orientation. Management Journal, 12, 1529-1535.
Hao, L.G. and Zeng, H. (2017) Influence of Time Pressure and Adjustment Focus on the Effect of Promotional Frame. Journal of Management Engineering, 31, 32-38.
Mahyarni, Astuti Meflinda, Henni Indrayani, (2018) "The investigation of the effects of spiritual values and behaviors on business development and performance of Muslim preneurship", International Journal of Law and Management, Vol. 60 Issue: 2, pp.730-740.
Sophie Hennekam, Jonathan Peterson, Loubna Tahssain-Gay, Jean-Pierre Dumazert, (2018) "Managing religious diversity in secular organizations in France", Employee Relations, Vol. 40 Issue: 5, pp.746-761.
Amirul Afif Muhamat, Norlida Jaafar, Hardi Emrie Rosly, Hasman Abdul Manan, (2013) "An appraisal on the business success of entrepreneurial asnaf: An empirical study on the state zakat organization (the Selangor Zakat Board or Lembaga Zakat Selangor) in Malaysia", Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. 11 Issue: 1, pp.51-63.
Nairn, A. and Fine, C. (2008), “Who’s messing with my mind? the implications of dual-process models for the ethics of advertising to children”, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 447-470.
Selman, R.L. (1980), The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding, Academic Press, New York, NY.
Friestad, M. and Wright, P. (1995), “Persuasion knowledge: lay people’s and researchers’ beliefs about the psychology of advertising”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 62-74
Dr. H. Awaluddin Pimay, Lc., M.Ag., Paradigma Dakwah Humanis, (Semarang: RaSAIL. 2005), h. 13
Ronald Soetaert, Kris Rutten, (2017) "Rhetoric, narrative and management: learning from Mad Men", Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 30 Issue: 3, pp.323-333
Yu‐Qian Zhu, Houn‐Gee Chen, (2012) "Service fairness and customer satisfaction in internet banking: Exploring the mediating effects of trust and customer value", Internet Research, Vol. 22 Issue: 4, pp.482-498
Wilson, D.T. and Mummalaneni, V. (1988), ``Bonding and commitment in buyer-seller relationships: a preliminary conceptualization'', Industrial Marketing & Purchasing, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 44-58
Boon, S.D. and Holmes, J.G. (1991), ``The dynamics of interpersonal trust: resolving uncertainty in the face of risk'', in Hinde, R.A. and Groebel, J. !Eds), Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wilson, D.T. (1995), ``An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships'', Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 335-45.
Hallén, L., Johanson, J. and Seyed-Mohamed, N. (1991), ``Interfirm adaption in business relationships'', Journal of Marketing, Vol. 55, April, pp. 29-37
Anderson, J.C. and Narus, J.A. (1990), ``A model of distributor firm and manufacturing firm working relationships'', Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54 No. 1, pp. 42-58
Young, L.C. and Wilkinson, I.F. (1989), ``The role of trust and co-operation in marketingnels: a preliminary study'', European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 109-22
Ford, D. (1980), ``The development of buyer-seller relationships in industrial markets'', European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 14 No. 5/6, pp. 339-54
nderson, E. and Weitz, B. (1992), ``The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels'', Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 29, February, pp. 18-34.
Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J. and Sabol, B. (2002), “Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges”, Journal of Marketing , Vol. 66, pp. 15-37.
Jones, G.R. and George, J.M. (1998), “The experience and evolution of trust: implications for cooperation and teamwork”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, pp. 531-46
Halliday, S.V. (2003), “Which trust and when? Conceptualizing trust in business relationships based on context and contingency”, International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research, Vol. 13, October, pp. 405-21
May O. Lwin, Jochen Wirtz, Andrea J. S. Stanaland, (2016) "The privacy dyad: Antecedents of promotion- and prevention-focused online privacy behaviors and the mediating role of trust and privacy concern", Internet Research, Vol. 26 Issue: 4, pp.919-941
Hosmer, L. (1995), “Trust: the connecting link between organizational behavior and philosophical ethics”, Academy Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 370-403.
Doney, P.M. and Cannon, J.P. (1997), “An examination of the nature of trust in buyer-seller relationships”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61 No. 2, pp. 35-51.
Morgan, R.M. and Hunt, S.D. (1994), “The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58 No. 3, pp. 20-38.
Smith, J.B. and Barclay, D.W. (1997), “The effects of organizational differences and trust on the effectiveness of selling partner relationships”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61 No. 1, pp. 3-21.
Zhu, Y. and Chen, H. (2012), “Service fairness and customer satisfaction in internet banking”, Internet Research, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 482-498.
Ku, E. (2012), “Beyond price: how does trust encourage online group’s buying intention?”, Internet Research, Vol. 22 No. 5, pp. 569-590.
Hsu, M., Chuang, L. and Hsu, C. (2014), “Understanding online shopping intention: the roles of four types of trust and their antecedents”, Internet Research, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 332-352
McCole, P., Ramsey, E. and Williams, J. (2010), “Trust considerations on attitudes toward online purchasing: the moderating effect of privacy and security concerns”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 63 Nos 9/10, pp. 1018-1024.
Wirtz, J. and Lwin, M.O. (2009), “Regulatory focus theory, trust, and privacy concern”, Journal of Service Research, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 190-207
Smith, J.B. and Barclay, D.W. (1997), “The effects of organizational differences and trust on the effectiveness of selling partner relationships”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 61 No. 1, pp. 3-21.
Finke, R. (2003). Spiritual Capital: Definitions, A pplications, and New Frontiers. Draft prepared for the Spiritual Capital Planning Meeting, Cambridge, MA, October 2003. Retrieved 21 Oktober 2018 from Metanexus Web Site www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/pdf/review.pdf.
