Al-Kimia

Spectroscopic Characterizations of Sediment in Karanrang Island (Spermonde Archipelago) using FT-IR, XRF and XRD

2024-12-27T02:51:01+00:00

Research about spectroscopic characterizations of sediment in Karanrang Island has been carried out. This research aimed to determine the content of mineral in sediment before doing further research (measurement ¹⁴C activity in sediment). Sediment sampling was conducted in the middle of the island with a depth of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m. Sediment was analysed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the analysis, minerals were found lime (CaO), aragonite (CaCO₃), silicon (Si), quartz (SiO₂), strontium (Sr) and strontium oxide (SrO). Minerals contained in sediment are CaO (11.02; 11.20 and 12.11 %), CaCO₃ (49.72; 51.84 and 53.57 %), Si (2.89; 3.53 and 3.43 %), SiO₂ (11.02; 11.04 and 9.96), Sr (10.19; 7.52 and 10.03 %) and SrO (12.40; 11.96 and 9.15 %). Ca was found in the form of CaO and CaCO₃. The results show that CaCO₃ was the highest of mineral content in sediment. It can be concluded that sediment in Karanrang Island can be used as a sample for measuring ¹⁴C activity.

Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Selected Aromatic Plants from West Java

2024-12-27T02:51:02+00:00

Chrysopogon zizanioides (Poaceae), Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae), Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) and Citrus reticulate (Rutaceae) are known for their abundant essential oils and major commodities in Garut, West Java. Understanding the chemical composition of organic compounds can provide insights into the complex mixture of organic compounds contributing in plants' odour, flavour, and potency. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of the essential oils of C. zizanioides (roots), P. cabin (leaves), C. nardus (stems), and C. reticulate (leaves and peel). The essential oils were distilled using the hydro distillation method. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Massa Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the dominant significant compounds in the essential oil of C. zizanioides roots included valerenal (14.81%). Patchouli alcohol (33.23%) and E-citral (36.18%) were found in P. cabin leaves and C. nardus stems, respectively. The essential oil of C. reticulate leaves and peel contained significant compounds, namely limonene, with a percentage of 30.98% for leaves and 82.58% for peel. Sesquiterpenes were the dominant compounds found in C. zizanioides root and P. cabin leaves oil, while monoterpenes were the major compounds in C. nardus stem, C. reticulate leaves and peel.

The Potential of Green Mussel Shells (Perna Viridis) As An Alternative Calcium Source In The Cement Industry

2024-12-27T02:51:03+00:00

Green mussel shells are a potential source of calcium oxide for the cement industry. As the largest producer of shells in Asia, with an annual production of 309,886 tons, Indonesia faces the challenge of shell waste amounting to 70% of the total shell weight. Therefore, optimizing green mussel shell waste (GMS) is crucial to reducing environmental pollution and promoting innovation in eco-friendly cement production. This study aims to extract calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from green mussel shells through a 4-hour calcination process at temperatures of 700°C, 800°C, and 900°C. Analysis using titrimetric and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) methods shows that GMS flour's calcium oxide (CaO) content reaches 98.16%. XRD diffractograms at a calcination temperature of 900°C indicate CaCO3 phases consistent with ICDD data No. 01-070-9854, identified at 2θ: 29.4°; 32.21°; and 37.37° (100%). Compressive strength tests demonstrate that adding 10% green mussel shells can increase cement compressive strength by 2.3%. These findings support using green mussel shells as an alternative raw material in the cement industry. By maximizing shell waste utilization, the industry can reduce waste and promote more sustainable and environmentally friendly cement production, marking a significant step towards waste management innovation and green solutions in the construction industry.

Phytochemical Test and Sunscreen Activities Ethanol Extract of Guava Tangkalak Leaves (Belluciapentamera)

2024-12-27T02:51:04+00:00

One of the most important sources of natural light for life is sunlight, and the skin is the outermost and most significant organ in the human body, making it vulnerable to sunlight exposure. This study aims to determine the biochemistry of secondary metabolite compounds in the guava tangkalak leaves of the plant and their activities as an active ingredient of sunscreen using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of this study indicate that the guava tangkalak leaves plant contains secondary metabolite compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The SPF values produced at concentrations of 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 1000ppm, SPF values of 2.96, 4.60, 7.70, 10.76, 15.13, and 27.41. The maximum concentration of 1000 ppm protects ultra-categories in SPF.

Effectiveness of Spinach Leaf Extract (Amaranthus spinosus L.) as an Anti-inflammatory against Paw Edema of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2025-01-02T04:17:58+00:00

Spinny leaves (Amaranthus spinosus L.) are widely used in traditional medicine in the community, apart from their function as a food ingredient. Spinach leaves contain active compounds that can treat inflammation. This study investigates the effect of thorn spinach leaf extract on carrageenan-induced oedema of the legs of female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). An experimental method with a randomized block design (RAK) was employed, which consisted of five treatments and three repetitions. The study results showed that spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus spinosus L.) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced inflammation in the feet of female white rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of spinach leaf extract is practical at a dose of 1250 Mg/kg BW.

Thermo-Viscous Properties of Phenolic Resin With Different Formaldehyde To Phenol Molar Ratio

2024-12-27T02:51:07+00:00

Phenolic resin is widely used as a matrix in the composite material. Understanding the thermo-viscous properties of the resin is essential because the viscosity is one of the main factors determining the success of the composite material fabrication. In this study, we synthesized the resin with formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio (F/P) of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 and analyzed their viscosity as a function of temperature from 17℃ to 25℃. It was observed that the plot of the natural logarithm of the viscosity versus the reciprocal of the temperature of the synthesized phenolic resin is linear. Based on the slope of the Arrhenius plot, the Arrhenius energy of activation varies as a function of the F/P value. The resin’s Arrhenius energy of activation with an F/P value of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 was 88.8 kJ⁄mol, 96.5 kJ⁄mol, 86.1 kJ⁄mol, and 81.4 kJ⁄mol, respectively. Furthermore, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was conducted on all resins. The endothermic reaction due to water evaporation was found to be dominated at a temperature of around 100℃, and the curing reaction peak of all resins took place at 150℃.

Synthesis of Aluminum Formate-MOF from Cans Waste as A Carbon Capture Material Using Solvothermal Method

2025-01-02T04:20:56+00:00

This research aims to synthesize and characterize aluminum formate-metal organic framework (ALF-MOF) from beverage can waste using solvothermal method. The solvothermal method was chosen due to its ability to produce materials with controlled structures and superior properties. This research also uses a Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design to optimize the synthesis conditions. The ALF-MOF synthesis process was carried out by mixing Al(OH)₃ powder obtained from the extraction of aluminum in beverage can waste and HCOOH in DMF. The mixture was stirred and heated in an autoclave reactor at Al/HCOOH mole ratios (1:3, 1:5, and 1:7) and reaction times (1, 2, and 3 hours). Furthermore, the products were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. Based on the results, it is known that the optimum synthesis conditions were achieved at the Al/HCOOH mole ratio and reaction time of 1:3.729 and 2.874 hours, respectively, with an ALF-MOF yield value of 87.71%. Characterization results showed the presence of COO groups and Al-O-Al groups. The ALF-MOF product also has an average particle diameter of 23.57 nm with a %crystallinity of 51.30% and a surface area of 128.507 m²/gram.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate: Synthesis and Applications for Extracting Antibiotic Residues from Agricultural Products

2024-12-27T02:51:09+00:00

Analysis of antibiotic residues in livestock products is challenging due to the low concentration of antibiotic residues and the complexity of the sample matrix. This study successfully used selective adsorbents from molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) materials for sample preparation. An adsorbent made of chitosan-based molecular imprinted polymer (Chi-MIP) was used to extract tetracycline residues from egg and milk samples. The adsorbent was made by preparing 0.1 grams of Chi-MIP in a 2x2 cm cellulose filter paper bag. Next, an adsorbent containing tetracycline was added to the sample. The extraction process was carried out using a hotplate stirrer. At the end of the extraction process, the extracted antibiotics are removed from the adsorbent through a desorption process in an organic solvent via an ultrasonicator. After that, the desorbed analytes were analyzed via a UV‒Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 267 nm. To obtain optimum results, the extraction conditions were optimized to obtain the following results: extraction time of 12 minutes, desorption time of 3 minutes, and ethyl acetate as the desorbing organic solvent. Using the standard addition method, method validation results were obtained for each milk and egg sample matrix, which indicated a linearity range of 1–5^mg/L, a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.99, accuracy values of 98.22% and 88.10%, precisions of 2.74% and 1.06%, LoDs of 0.4 ^mg/L and 0.51^mg/L, LoQs of 1.52^mg/L and 1.70^mg/L, and enrichment factors of 3.27.