Komposisi Nekleotida Sekuen Gen Mitokondria 16S rRNA Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, 1852) Danau Singkarak, Solok, Sumatera Barat
Abstract
Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is one of the endemic fish inhabited at West Sumatra and is exploited extensively to meet market demands due to high nutritional value. The fish is also commonly exported to Malaysia and Singapore in dried processed form. However, research on composition of mtDNA 16S nucleotide as a part of genetic characterization of bilih fish has not been examined. Genetic characterization of the fish is useful for its conservation and breeding program. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine composition of mtDNA 16S nucleotide of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker, 1852) collected from Singkarak Lake, Solok, West Sumatra. This research used a PCR method with 16S universal primers: 16Sar and16Sbr. The results showed that the average of mtDNA 16S nucleotide composition was T=22.63%, C=24.38%, A=31.24% and G=21.76% whereas the average of A+T and C+G were 53.86% and 46.14% respectively. The difference in the mtDNA 16S nucleotide between the two bilih fish samples was similar between T, C, and A composition (0,04%) whereas the G composition was high (0,13%). In addition, the average rate of nucleotide composition A+ T and G+ C between the two bilih fish samples was similar (0,08%). This result revealed that there was genetic variation between the two bilih fish samples examined in this study based on composition of mtDNA 16S nucleotide which is the first published data we reported.
References
Arisuryanti T. 2016. Molecular Genetic and Taxonomic Studies of the Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus Zuiew 1793). [Dissertation]. Australia: Charles Darwin University.
Arisuryanti T, Wei NWV, Austin C. 2016. Molecular evidence for determination cryptic species of Indonesian swamp eel populations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). AIP Conference Proceedings. New York: American Institute of Physics. pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953534.
Contreras-Lynch S, Olmos P, Vargas A, Figueroa J, González-Stegmaier R, Enríquez R, Romero A. 2015. Identification and genetic characterization of Piscirickettsia salmonis in native fish from southern Chile. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. vol 115: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02892.
Dharmayanti N. 2011. Filogenetika molekuler: metode taksonomi organisme berdasarkan sejarah evolusi. Wartazoa. vol 21(1): 1–10.
Dudgeon D. 2000. Conservation of freshwater biodiversity in Oriental Asia: Constraints, conflicts, and challenges to science and sustainability. Limnology. vol 1(3): 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s102010070012.
Febriani L. 2010. Studi Makanan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) di Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Firlianty, Suprayitno E, Nursyam H, Hardoko. 2014. Genetic Variation Analysis of Snakeheads (Channidae) in Central Kalimantan Using Partial 16s rRNA Gene. International Journal of Science and Technology (IJSTE). vol 3(2): 1–7.
Hartwell LH, Hood L, Goldberg M, Reynolds A, Silver L. 2015. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes 5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Haryani GS. 2013. Kondisi Danau di Indonesia dan Strategi Pengelolaannya. Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan MLI I. Cibinong: Masyarakat Limnologi Indonesia. hal. 1–19.
Kartamihardja ES. 2015. Potential of culture-based fi sheries in Indonesian inland waters. Perspectives on culture-based fisheries developments in Asia. Bangkok: Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific.
Kartamihardja ES, and Purnomo K. 2006. Keberhasilan introduksi ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) ke habitatnya yang baru di Danau Toba, Sumatera Utara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ikan IV. Jatiluhur: Masyarakat Iktiologi Indonesia. hal. 1–19.
Kottelat M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. vol 27: 1–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608936.
Li J, Wang X, Kong X, Zhao K, He S, Mayden RL. 2008. Variation patterns of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene with secondary structure constraints and their application to phylogeny of cyprinine fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. vol 47(2): 472–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.012.
Librado P, and Rozas J. 2009. DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics. vol 25(11): 1451–1452. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187.
Nofrita, Dahelmi, Syandri H, Tjong DH. 2013. Hubungan Tampilan Pertumbuhan Dengan Karakteristik Habitat Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blekeer). Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung. vol 1(1): 179–183.
Patriono E, Junaidi E, Sastra F. 2010. Fekunditas Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr.) di Muara Sungai Sekitar Danau Singkarak. Jurnal Penelitian Sains (JPS). vol 13(3): 55–58.
Permata A, dan Martius W. 2015. Kandungan zat gizi dan bakteri proteolitik pada produk olahan ikan bilih. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas. vol 19(1): 10–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25077/jtpa.19.1.10-14.2015.
Roesma DI, Syaifullah S, Melyawati M. 2012. Pengamatan Kromosom Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis BLKR., Cyprinidae) dari Danau Singkarak Sumatera Barat Chromosomes Investigation of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis BLKR., Cyprinidae) from Singkarak Lake West Sumatera. Biospecies. vol 5(2): 1–4.
Satoh TP, Miya M, Mabuchi K, Nishida M. 2016. Structure and variation of the mitochondrial genome of fishes. BMC Genomics. vol 17: 719. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3054-y.
Singh AK, Kumar R, Singh M, Mishra AK, Chauhan UK, Baisvar VS, Verma R, Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B. 2013. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene-based evolutionary divergence and molecular phylogeny of Barilius spp. The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis. vol 26(1): 41–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.815168.
Suryanti A, Sulistiono, Muchsin I, Kartamihardja ES. 2017. Habitat Pemijahan Dan Asuhan Ikan Bilih Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852) di Sungai Naborsahan, Danau Toba, Sumatera Utara. Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap. vol 9(1): 33–42. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.1.2017.33-42.
Syandri H, Azrita, Aryani N. 2013. Distribusi ukuran, reproduksi dan habitat pemijahan ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr.) di Danau Singkarak. Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap. vol 5(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.5.1.2013.1-8.
Tanaka T, and Aranishi F. 2016. Comparative Genetic Characterization of Ark Shell Scapharca broughtonii in Northeast Asia. Journal of Shellfish Research. vol 35(2): 421–427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2983/035.035.0216.
Umar C, dan Kartamihardja ES. 2011. Hubungan Panjang-Berat Kebiasaan Makan dan Kematangan Gonad Ikan Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) di Danau Toba Sumatera Utara. Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap. vol 3(6): 351–356. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.3.6.2011.351-356.
Copyright (c) 2018 Liza Oktavia, Tuty Arisuryanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE STATEMENT
COPYRIGHT
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restriction to their work. Users may read, download, copy, distribute, and print the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LICENSE TO PUBLISH
1. License
The use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the users are free to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the corresponding author warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this statement.
5. Miscellaneous
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.