The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Lipid Profile Wistar Strain Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Under Induced Stress

  • Farah Nadia Karima Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
    (ID)
  • Mulyati Sarto Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
    (ID)

Abstract

Stress is a psychiatric/psychological disorder characterized by a sense of disability, despair, anhedonia, decreased activity, and pessimism. Stress can affect the physiological condition of the body with symptoms of lipid metabolism disorders. Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae that is known to have the potential as an alternative antidepressant drug. The study was conducted to determine the lipid profile of blood wistar strain rats after stress induction and the effect of administration of Chlorella vulgaris on blood lipid profiles of stress-induced wistar rats. This research is an experimental study using 5 treatments with 25 models of Rattus norvegicus wistar strain, 2 months old. The treatment group consisted of 1 control group, 1 stress group, and 3 groups of treatment variations, namely the treatment of antidepressant medication, the treatment of administration of cultivated Chlorella vulgaris, and the treatment of commercial Chlorella. Stress induction is carried out by treatments that given to the rats randomly, namely cold water, warm water, wet cage, dark-light cycle, and sound wave exposure for 40 days. Examination of blood lipid profiles was carried out on Day 0 after mice were acclimated, day 40 after rats were induced stress, and day 56 after rats were given treatment of cultivated Chlorella vulgaris. The results obtained were the stress conditions of the lipid profile of the wistar strain of rats which had increased were total cholesterol levels of the control group and triglyceride levels in all groups while those who had decreased were cholesterol levels other than the control group, HDL levels in all groups, and LDL levels all groups. Giving Chlorella vulgaris had effect on decreasing total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and LDL levels along with increasing HDL levels.

Author Biographies

Farah Nadia Karima, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Faculty of Biology
Mulyati Sarto, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Faculty of Biology

References

Balkan J, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Aykaç-Toker G, Uysal M. 2004. The effect of a high cholesterol diet on lipids and oxidative stress in plasma, liver and aorta of rabbits and rats. Nutrition Research. vol 24(3): 229-234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2003.10.005.

Cohen DE. 2013. Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis. vol 33(04): 380-388. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1358519.

Connor WE. 2000. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71:171S–175S.

Das D. 2015. Algal Biorefinery: An Integrated Approach.New York: Springer. p. 37.

Dbobková D, Honsová E, Kovář J, Poledne R. 2004. Effect of Diets on Lipoprotein Concentrations in Heterozygous Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Physiol. Res. vol 53: 635-643.

Dithmar S, Curcio CA, Le NA, Brown SS, Grossniklaus HE. 2000. Ultrastructural Changes in Bruch’s Membrane of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. Anatomy and Pathology/Oncology. vol 41(8): 2035-2042.

Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Aliashrafi S, Javadzadeh Y, Jafarabadi MA. 2014. The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation on Liver En¬zymes, Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Health Promot Perspect. vol 4(1): 107-115. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5681%2Fhpp.2014.014.

Fretes H, Susanto AB, Prasety B, Limantara L. 2012. Karotenoid dari Makroalga dan Potensi Kesehatan Aplikasi dan Bioteknologi. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan. vol 23(2): 221.

Lee HS, Park HJ, Kim MK. 2008. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in Wistar rats fed high fat diet. Nutrition Research and Practice. vol 2(4):204–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2008.2.4.204.

Li H, Dhanasekaran P, Alexander ET, Rader DJ, Phillips MC, Lund-Katz S. 2014. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the differential effects of apoE3 and apoE4 on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. vol 33(4): 687-693. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.112.301193.

Nagaraja HS, Anupama BK, Jeganathan PS. 2006. Stress Response in Albino Rats. Thai journal of physiological sciences. vol 19(2): 8-15.

Otles S, and Pire R. 2001. Fatty Acid Composition of Chlorella and Spirulina Microalgae Species. Journal of AOAC International. vol 84(6): 1708-1714.

Queenan KM, Stewart ML, Smith KN, Thomas W, Fulcher RG, Slavin JL. 2014. Concentrated oat beta-glucan, a fermentable fiber, lowers serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults in a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal. vol 6(6): 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-6-6.

Ryu NH, Lim Y, Park JE, Kim J, Kim JY, Kwon SW, Kwon O. 2014. Impact of daily Chlorella consumption on serum lipid and carotenoid profiles in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal. vol 13(57): 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-57.

Salem SA. 2015. Effect of two carotenoids (Lycopene and β-Carotene) supplementation on hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation in experimental albino rats. Journal of High Institute of Public Health. vol 45(1): 1-7.

Serchov T, van Calker D, Biber K. 2016. Sucrose Preference Test to Measure Anhedonic Behaviour in Mice. Bio-protocol. vol 6(19): e1958. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1958.

Shibata S, Oda K, Onodera-Masuoka N, Matsubara S, Kikuchi-Hayakawa H, Ishikawa F, Iwabuchi A, Sansawa H. 2001. Hypocholesterolemic effect of indigestible fraction of Chlorella regularis in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. vol 47(6): 373–377. doi: https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.47.373.

Watto FH., Memon MS, Memon AN, Wattoo MHS, Tirmizi SA, Iqbal J. 2008. Estimation and correlation of stress and cholesterol levels in college teachers and housewives of Hyderabad-Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. vol 58(1): 15-18.

Wirosaputro S, dan Sumarlini T. 2016. Chlorella Makanan Kesehatan Global Alami. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. hal. 42-59.

Zambon A, Bertocco S, Vitturi n, Polentarutti V. 2003. Relevance of hepatic lipase to the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Biochemical Society Transactions. vol 31(5): 1070-1074. doi: 10.1042/bst0311070.

Zheng C, Khoo C, Ikewaki K, Sacks FM. 2007. Rapid turnover of apolipoprotein C-III-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contributing to the formation of LDL subfractions. The Journal of Lipid Research. vol 48: 1190-1203. doi: 10.1194/jlr.P600011-JLR200.

Published
2019-06-30
Section
Research Articles
Abstract viewed = 490 times