Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi

Molecular docking reveals goldbandfish goatfish fatty acid's COX-2 inhibitory potential

2024-06-16T16:13:19+00:00

Goldbandfish goatfish, known for its high protein and fatty acid content, serves as a valuable food source contributing to human nutrition and well-being. This study delves into the potential anti-inflammatory properties of goldbandfish goatfish fatty acids, specifically palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, by targeting the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. Through molecular docking experiments utilizing Molegro Virtual Docker version 5.0 and Discovery Studio version 21.1.1, the fatty acid structures were redocked with the COX-2 protein, with naproxen employed as a control COX-2 inhibitor. The analysis revealed interactions between the fatty acids and specific residues within the COX-2 inhibitor sites, mirroring the active sites targeted by naproxen, suggesting their potential as effective COX-2 blockers to mitigate inflammation. The findings suggest that the fatty acids present in goldbandfish goatfish possess promising anti-inflammatory effects through their ability to inhibit COX-2 activity. By binding to key residues within the COX-2 inhibitor sites, these fatty acids exhibit similarities to naproxen, a known COX-2 inhibitor. This study lays the groundwork for further investigations, including molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro experiments, to validate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of goldbandfish goatfish fatty acids and their potential as therapeutic agents for combating inflammation. The identification of natural compounds with COX-2 inhibitory properties opens avenues for the development of novel anti-inflammatory treatments derived from marine sources, contributing to the advancement of preventive and therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.

Abundance and distribution pattern of macroinvertebrates at Watu Lumbung Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

2024-06-22T17:10:33+00:00

Macroinvertebrates are one of the bioindicators in aquatic ecosystems. The diversity and distribution patterns of functional groups of macroinvertebrate communities are assessed to determine water quality. The objective of this research was to figure out the abundance and distribution of macroinvertebrates in Watu Lumbung Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in May 2022 with the quadrat transect method using 1×1 m quadrats along Watu Lumbung Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Sampling was conducted at two randomly determined stations from the lowest low tide to the middle of the sea. The first station is located near Watu Lumbung reef, which has a distance of 50 m, while the second station is 250 m from the reef, so the distance between stations is 200 m. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') was calculated by analyzing the data. The data obtained in this study are the results of the inventory of macroinvertebrate species at each sampling point and the number of individuals of each species. The results showed the abundance of macroinvertebrates on Watu Lumbung beach found as many as 16 species belonging to 13 families and classified into nine classes (Polychaeta, Malacostraca, Anthozoa, Echinoidea, Ophiuridae, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora, Pilidiophora and Demospongia). The family Ophiocomidae (Ophiocoma erinaceus and Ophiocoma scolopendrina) were the most abundant species at both observation stations. The diversity index is 1.94, which shows that the diversity of macroinvertebrates on Watu Lumbung Beach is categorized as moderate.

Assessing plant growth and infection in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh following inoculation with bacterial endophytes

2024-07-01T15:25:19+00:00

Endophytic bacteria play an important role for plants in assisting the efficient absorption of nutrients from the surrounding environment. Studies on endophytic bacteria in Avicennia marina plants are still relatively rare. This research aims to determine abilities of three bacterial endophytes and a control Bacillus subtilis infecting the host plant A. marina and conducted in ekowisata mangrove Gunung Anyar, Surabaya. Each endophyte isolates at the concentration of 10², 10³, and 10⁴ CFU/mL were used for inoculation, whereas each concentration was applied to 3 plants (triplicate). Every ± 1 m tall A. marina plant was injected with 2 × 500 µL of bacterial solution. Another three plants were chosen and injected with Lactose-Broth (LB) sterile medium. The leaf length and width of 2-4 leaves per plant were measured at day 0 before inoculation and after two weeks of inoculation. Data analysis using paired t-test resulted in no change in leaf area average before and after treatments. Despite the result, we observed that some of the treated plants produced flowers, whereas no flower was observed on control plants. In addition, there were infection zones detected around the infection area. Furthermore, we have observed Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and siderophore production in all bacterial isolates. The results of this study show that acceleration in the development of A. marina, evidenced by a phase shift from vegetative to generative occurring within a two-week timeframe.

Endophytic bacteria isolated from stems and roots of Acrostichum aureum Linn. potential for hydrolytic enzyme and α-amylase inhibitor

2024-07-06T13:22:15+00:00

Endophytic bacteria live symbiotically in plant tissues but do not hurt plants. Endophytic bacteria are widely used in the industrial sector as enzyme producers. This study aims to examine the potential of endophytic bacteria from the stems and roots of sea fern (Acrostichum aureum L.) as producers of hydrolytic enzymes and to determine their potential as α-amylase inhibitors. Macroscopic and biochemical tests characterized endophytic bacterial isolates. Hydrolytic enzyme activity test consisted of cellulase, lipase, and laccase enzyme. Isolates that were able to hydrolyze were tested for antidiabetic potential by α-amylase inhibitor test. A total of 24 bacterial isolates were selected for their ability to produce cellulase, lipase, and laccase. The results obtained 24 isolates of endophytic bacteria showed that as much as 33% of stem isolates and 52% of root isolates were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes. The α-amylase inhibition test results of the three endophytic bacteria tested were isolates A.T 2 (17%) and A.A 3 (8%) on 1% starch substrate, and A.T 2 (36%) on 2% starch substrate with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm. Endophytic bacteria isolated from the stems and roots of sea ferns can be developed as an alternative base material for herbal medicines for antidiabetics.

The relationship between environmental factors and the diversity and abundance of flower-visitor insects on chili pepper in dry season

2024-07-07T16:24:16+00:00

Approximately 80% of flowering plants are highly dependent on insect pollination, including the chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Environmental conditions serve as parameters for insects in their activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the diversity and abundance of flower-visiting insects in C. frutescens and their environmental factors. Field observations of flower-visiting insects were conducted during the dry season utilizing aerial capture methods. The data was analyzed using diversity, abundance, evenness, and dominance indices equations. Multiple linear regression analysis was also conducted to determine the abiotic and biotic factors (environmental factors) that influence the abundance of flower-visiting insects. The analysis results showed that a moderate trend in the diversity of insect and as many as 33% of the total recorded insect individuals belong to the Vespidae family. The Allorhynchium argentatum showed the highest species abundance (27% individuals). Based on the multiple regression analysis results, environmental factors had a non-significant native influence on the abundance of flower-visiting insects. Environmental conditions during the dry season have a weak influence on insect interactions with plants.

Analysis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) in Sapuran, Central Java

2024-07-20T18:12:17+00:00

Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. are known to have the potential for health because they can be used as natural medicines to cure several diseases, including measles, coughs, diuretics, pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, as well as wound healing and infections. The local community in Indonesia has believed the health beneficial of tea mistletoe, but the information of its pharmacological activity is still limited. This research was conducted to explore the species and diversity of secondary metabolites of D. pentandra (L.) Miq. found in Sapuran, Wonosobo and its antioxidant activity. Extraction was performed by maceration in 96% ethanol. It is followed by phytochemical screening, determination of total secondary metabolite compounds, and antioxidant activity assay using DPPH. The results of this study confirmed that mistletoe is D. pentandra (L.). Its leaf extract has a yield of 8.76% that contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenols, and terpenoids. Its total content of flavonoids, tannins, phenols and saponins was, respectively, 48.584 mg QE/g extract, 1.350 ± 0.140 mg TAE/g extract, 1.756 ± 0.171 g GAE/g extract, 4.665 ± 0.142 g SE/g extract. Its ethanolic extract has very high antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 49.10 ppm. D. pentandra (L.) Miq. of Sapuran, Wonosobo, has great potential to be developed in the pharmacological field.

Isolation and characterization of potential proteolytic and amylolytic bacteria from Bayanan hot spring as bioremediation agents

2024-07-21T12:25:24+00:00

Hot water temperature can be a place for the development of thermophilic bacteria. Thermophilic bacteria produce thermostable enzymes which are needed in various industrial fields such as agriculture, food, detergent, pharmacology, and bioremediation agents. This study aims to isolate and characterize potential proteolytic and amylolytic bacteria from the Bayanan hot spring. Samples were collected from two distinct locations within the geothermal environment: the hot spring source itself and the associated water storage pools. The collected samples underwent a dilution and isolation process to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Subsequently, these isolates were inoculated onto selective media, including skim milk agar (SMA) and nutrient agar (NA), to assess their proteolytic and amylolytic activities, respectively. The presence and extent of these enzymatic activities were determined by measuring the diameter of the clear zone surrounding each bacterial colony. The analysis revealed the presence of eight proteolytic bacterial isolates and twenty amylolytic isolates. Notably, a hydrolysis index threshold of ≥2.5 was implemented to identify isolates with high potential for proteolytic and amylolytic activity. Based on this criterion, two proteolytic bacterial isolates (codes B2-12-C3 and B1-12-B3) exhibited a proteolytic index exceeding 2.5. Furthermore, eight amylolytic isolates displayed an index above 2.5 (codes B1-10-A1, B1-10-A3, B2-8-A1, B2-8-A2, B2-10-A1, B2-10-A2, B2-12-C1, and B2-12-C2). These isolates, particularly those with high hydrolysis index values, has potential as bioremediation agents due to their demonstrated ability to efficiently hydrolyze proteins and starches.

Case overview of children’s thalassemia at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta

2024-07-25T17:14:28+00:00

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by reduced alpha or beta globin chain synthesis, independent of sex or age. While thalassemia minor often presents with mild or no symptoms, thalassemia major manifests with severe anemia, pallor, fatigue, decreased appetite, and recurrent infections from birth. The aim of this research is to describe the description of cases of thalassemia children at RSAB Harapan Kita. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design regarding the description of cases of thalassemia children. Study participants were pediatric patients diagnosed with thalassemia at the hospital. Inclusion criteria encompassed individuals younger than 19 years with a documented history of comorbidities. Exclusion criteria included patients with incomplete or damaged medical records and those aged 19 years or older. Medical record data that met the inclusion criteria was 48 subjects with a minimum sample size of 41 subjects. The data used in this research was processed with SPSS ver. 25 and presented in table form. The results showed that the highest proportion of thalassemia children was in the age group 6-11 years (41.7%), male sex (56.3%), the main complaint was pallor (87.5%), type of β thalassemia (83, 3%), pre-transfusion Hb level <9 g/dL (79.2%), and without other comorbidities (64.6%).

Morphoanatomy and size of male Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) reproductive organs of starter period

2024-07-27T20:58:02+00:00

The testes are vital for spermatogenesis and steroid hormone production, thus serving as a critical biomarker for monitoring testicular function through organ development analysis. Until now, there has been no information on the morphoanatomical development of testicular organs in day-old Alabio ducks (DOD). This knowledge is crucial for optimizing reproductive strategies and manipulations. This study aimed to determine the growth and morphoanatomical development of testes in Alabio ducks during the starter period. A purposive sample of forty DOD male Alabio ducks was observed and measured weekly for eight weeks. Variables included testicular morphoanatomy, weight, liver weight, gonadal-somatic index (GSI), and hepatic-somatic index (HSI). Results indicate that bean-shaped, creamy-white testes are located in the abdominal cavity near the spine, attached dorsally and anterior to the kidneys. Testicular weight, length, reproductive tract weight and length, and GSI peaked at eight weeks (0.768 ± 0.06 g, 1.73 ± 0.20 cm, 0.79 ± 0.02 g, and 13.32 ± 0.65, respectively; p < 0.01). Testicular weight, liver weight, GSI, and HSI differed significantly weekly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, testicular weight in Alabio ducks increases steadily during the first eight weeks, with bean-shaped testes developing bilaterally in the abdominal cavity, attached dorsally and constrained by the mesorchial ligament.

The metric and color profiling of eggs produced by F2 Mahkota Arab chickens

2024-08-05T12:56:18+00:00

Genetic quality improvement in local chickens can be achieved through crossbreeding, which has enhanced productivity and egg quality, satisfying consumer demand. To improve the quality of livestock products, it is crucial to assess the egg quality of chickens. This study evaluated the quality of eggs produced by F₂ Mahkota Arab chickens bred from crossbreeding with F₁ Mahkota Arab chickens. The research comprised several stages: chicken rearing, tests for egg shape index calculation, yolk index, albumin index, Haugh unit, and eggshell colour observation. The obtained results were compared with those of F₁ Mahkota Arab chicken, Arab chicken, and Layer chicken. According to the study's findings, the F₂ Mahkota Arab had an egg with a standard egg shape of 70% as per the egg shape index. The F₂ Mahkota Arab chicken had a mean yolk index of 0.37±0.00, a mean albumin index of 0.121±0.005, and a mean Haugh unit of 91.99±1.13. The shell colour of their eggs belongs to the orange-white group, and the egg quality, including egg shape index, albumin index and Haugh unit, is higher than other chicken groups. Furthermore, the shell colour of F₂ Mahkota Arab chicken eggs is whiter than other chicken groups.

Diversity of tree vegetation in Mount Baung Natural Tourism Park utilization block, Pasuruan Regency

2024-12-15T04:43:03+00:00

The high diversity of tree species found in natural forests contributes to their ability to maintain ecological balance. Mount Baung Natural Tourism Park is the conservation area in Pasuruan Regency, East Java that functions to protect biodiversity. The research aims to identify tree species, analyze tree diversity, and determine tree dominance with the importance value index (IVI). The research was conducted from February to March 2023 in Mount Baung Natural Tourism Park utilization block (MBNTP UB), Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The observation location was determined to be 37 points and plots were made in the point with a size of 20 m × 20 m for the tree phase, 10 m × 10 m for pole phase, 5 m × 5 m for the sapling phase, and 2 m × 2 m for the seedling phase. Data collected from field observations were analyzed to determine the Shannon diversity index using PAST 4.01. Tree dominance was analyzed using IVI. The research showed that 14 species from 8 tree families are found in MBNTP UB. The Fabaceae family is found to be abundant compared to other families. The highest number of individuals found in the seedling phase is Cassia glauca. Swietenia macrophylla has the highest individual’s number in the sapling, pole, and tree phases. The highest tree diversity is found in the tree phase. Diversity at the tree phase is classified as moderate, while at the seedling, pole, and sapling phase the diversity is low.

Diversity of Bats (Chiroptera) in the Cimaung Cave Area, Tasikmalaya Regency

2024-07-20T19:16:09+00:00

The quality of liquid biostimulant formula of microbial-based during packaging and storage

2024-07-20T19:23:35+00:00

Quality Phytophthora de Bary and formerly named Pythium Pringsh. species isolated from woody ornamental hosts in Galician nurseries Northwest Spain

2024-07-20T19:28:43+00:00

Embryological signs in Quran: Ensoulment day and three miraculous births

2024-07-20T19:33:51+00:00