Jurnal Biotek

Pengembangan Modul IPA Berorientasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila Materi Ekologi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia untuk Siswa SMP/MTs

2024-12-29T10:59:12+00:00

The teaching materials in the form of modules used by students in learning are not yet fully linked to the Pancasila Student Profile as required by the Merdeka curriculum. The research aimed to develop a science module oriented to the Pancasila Student Profile for junior high schools that is valid, practical, and readable, focusing on ecology and Indonesian biodiversity. The development of the research model chosen, namely 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), because of time constraints, is limited to the development stage. Content, media, language, observations, and validity test subjects were each carried out by 2 expert validators from the Ganesha University of Education, and the practicality and readability test subjects involved 3 science teachers and 15 class VII students at SMPN 1 Sukasada. The research instruments are interview sheets, observations, and questionnaires. Characteristics of the science module, namely (1) The form of the science module is as a textbook in PDF and printed format. (2) Module activities use the Discovery Learning model. (3) The syntax of the Discovery Learning model in the module contains the Pancasila Student Profile dimensions. The results showed a validity test with calculations using the Gregory formula with a score of 1.00 in the very high validity category. Practicality and readability were assessed at 94% and 93%, respectively, demonstrating a high level of both attributes. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Pancasila Student Profile-oriented science module that was developed meets the criteria of being very valid, very practical, and very readable, so it is worth continuing to the effectiveness testing stage.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Berbantuan Flashcard Materi Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup

2024-12-29T11:01:14+00:00

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students in class VII A at SMPN 22 Pontianak on living organisms' classification through a cooperative learning model assisted by flashcards. The Classroom Action Research (CAR) model has two cycles, each including four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection methods involved the learning outcome tests, observation sheets, and documentation. This research focused on analyzing changes in students' understanding of active and interactive learning strategies using flashcards. The results showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes; the mastery level was 81.25% in the first cycle, which increased to 87.50% in the second cycle. This increase indicates that the cooperative learning model assisted by flashcards not only enhances student engagement in the teaching-learning process but also effectively strengthens their understanding of the material on the classification of living organisms. The findings suggest that integrating cooperative methods with visual aids, like flashcards, can be an effective pedagogical strategy to enhance the quality of education in schools.

Pengembangan Buku Petunjuk Praktikum Lapangan Berbasis Jigsaw Sebagai Sumber Belajar Identifikasi Vertebrata

2024-12-29T11:03:22+00:00

This research aimed to evaluate the validity and feasibility of the Jigsaw-based field practicum guidebook as a learning resource for vertebrate identification. The development of the guidebook followed the Borg and Gall model for research-based product development. The research stages included a preliminary study and a field trial process. Based on assessments from two validators, the guidebook received an average score of 4.68, which falls within the "very good" category. The researcher conducted a limited trial with 10 students who varied in ability. The results of the limited trials showed average percentage scores of 84% (high ability), 79% (medium ability), and 77% (low ability). For the field trial, a one-group pre-test and post-test design was applied. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23 for Windows, employing the paired t-test formula. A significance value of 0.000 was obtained from the field trial analysis, indicating a value lower than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between students' pre-test and post-test scores. The results showed that the field practicum guidebook developed by the researcher is suitable for learning.

Analisis Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Siswa Berdasarkan Gender

2024-12-29T11:05:25+00:00

Environmental concern is crucial for understanding individual and societal behaviors related to environmental preservation. Environmental concern is a key factor influencing pro-environmental behaviors, such as sustainable resource usage and support for environmental policies. This study aimed to understand the differences in environmental concerns between male and female students at MAN 1 Kabupaten Kerinci. The research method was a survey with a quantitative approach involving 122 students from grades XI and XII. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire on environmental concerns comprising 22 statements. The results of the analysis indicate significant differences in environmental concerns between genders. The proportion of female students concerned about the environment (86.9%) is substantially higher than that of male students (13.1%). The majority of respondents demonstrated high or very high levels of environmental concern. The data also reveal disparities in overall scores, with female students tending to score higher. Further analysis of attitude indicators shows that female students consistently exhibit higher levels of environmental concern than male students across all indicators. This study provides in-depth insights into the differences in environmental concerns based on gender at MAN 1 Kabupaten Kerinci.

Desain Primer In Silico Untuk Analisis Expresi Gen Osteopontin (OPN) Sebagai Penanda Kesuburan Pada Kambing Jantan (Capra hircus)

2024-12-29T12:54:43+00:00

This study aimed to design a pair of primers for analyzing OPN gene expression as a fertility marker in male goats (Capra hircus). The research method employed was an in silico molecular study based on bioinformatics. Nucleotide data were retrieved from the NCBI database using the code NM_001285667.1. The data obtained were processed using Primer-Blast on the NCBI site to identify candidate primers. These candidate primers were subsequently analyzed for secondary structure and primer dimer formation using the Sigma-Aldrich OligoEvaluator.
The designed primers were further analyzed for their specifications and sequence similarity with the nucleotide database available on the NCBI site using Primer-Blast and Nucleotide-Blast. The results revealed one pair of primers with ideal criteria: the forward primer 5'-ACCCTCCCGAGTAAGTCCAA-3' and the reverse primer 5'-AGTCCTCCTCTGTGGCATCT-3', capable of amplifying the OPN gene region with a product length of 325 bp. In silico performance tests also demonstrated that the primers could specifically detect the OPN gene in Capra hircus. The primer design for detecting OPN expression is expected to aid in predicting fertility levels in male goats (Capra hircus), thereby enhancing the reproductive efficiency of these livestock.

Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Berduri (Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxb.) terhadap Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430

2024-12-29T13:24:19+00:00

Thorny bajakah (Caesalpinia sumatrana Roxb.) is a plant from the Fabaceae family known to contain secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity and the effect of variation in the concentration of thorny bajakah stem extract against Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430. The samples included thorny bajakah stem extracts at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, along with a negative control (10% DMSO) and a positive control (0.001% chloramphenicol). Extraction was done using maceration with 96% ethanol as the solvent, while an antibacterial test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Antibacterial tests showed the inhibition zones by each treatment of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% were 3.05 mm, 3.89mm, 3.69mm, and 4.56mm. The 100% concentration extract has the highest average diameter of the inhibition zone, even though it is considered very weak according to the Morales standard (<6mm). The antimicrobial activity is affected by the composition of secondary metabolites in the extract present as alkaloids and terpenoids, which are known to have antimicrobial activity. These results provide a basis for further research to develop the potential of thorny bajakah as a plant-derived antibacterial agent.

Analisis Kualitas Ragi Roti Sourdough pada Berbagai Jenis Tepung dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Tomat (Solanum lycopersicium)

2024-12-29T12:10:16+00:00

Sourdough yeast is a natural yeast for making bread that aims to slow down the decay process. The fermentation process can be assisted by using tomato extract. This study aims to obtain the best quality yeast from various types of flour with the addition of tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum). This experimental study was designed with independent variables in the form of flour types (wheat, wheat, glutinous rice), control variables in the form of tomato extract and the ratio of material composition (1:1), and response variables in the form of yeast quality (color, odor, shape, presence of foreign objects, and yeast activity). Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with yeast quality standards based on SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The results showed that wheat flour produced the best sourdough yeast. The results showed that wheat flour met the yeast requirements based on SNI 01-2982-1992, had a yellowish white color with a normal odor, good acidity, in the form of coarse powder with no foreign objects and good yeast activity. Unlike wheat flour, which has a brownish white color, a very sour normal odor, a coarse powdery texture, and no foreign objects, but its activity is not good so it does not meet the SNI 01-2982-1992 standard. Glutinous rice flour is white, has a slightly sour normal odor, a fine powdery form, and no foreign objects, its activity is very good, but does not meet the SNI 01-2982-1992 standard because of its color and texture.

Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional untuk Mengatasi Hipertensi oleh Etnik Melayu Mulia Kerta Ketapang

2024-12-29T12:12:32+00:00

The rich flora of Indonesia plays a significant role in the lives of its people, particularly in health. The Mulia Kerta Ketapang Melayu ethnic group is one community that utilizes herbs for traditional medicine, especially for treating hypertension, a common condition in society. Knowledge of plant use for traditional hypertension medicine is passed down orally from generation to generation, resulting in a lack of proper documentation. This research aimed to document the plant species, identities, parts used, and procedures for utilizing plants as hypertension medicine by the Mulia Kerta Ketapang Melayu ethnic group. This study is a qualitative descriptive research employing triangulation methods (interviews, observation, and documentation) and plant identification as the primary data collection tools. The results of the study identified 33 plant species used as traditional hypertension medicine. Plants from the Rutaceae and Lamiaceae families were the most commonly utilized, each accounting for 9% of the species. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part, constituting 43.2%, while the boiling method was the most commonly employed preparation technique, used in 58% of cases. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for further studies and as a basis for comparing the similarities or connections between the Mulia Kerta Ketapang Melayu ethnic group and other ethnic groups in their use of traditional medicinal plants.

Ekstrak Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak) sebagai Sabun Antibakteri yang Ramah Lingkungan

2024-12-29T12:17:26+00:00

Synthetic surfactants contribute to environmental pollution and can cause skin irritation, highlighting the need for natural biosurfactants. Lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak) shows promise as a biosurfactant due to its 28% saponin content and potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lerak fruit extract using three parameters: inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). The research utilized a Posttest Only Control Group Design to test the antibacterial activity of lerak fruit extract against skin-surface normal flora, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All antibacterial activity results were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA in SPSS IBM version 22. The study found the MIC to be 6.25% for Gram-positive bacteria and 1.56% for Gram-negative bacteria. The MBC was determined to be 25% for Gram-positive bacteria and 50% for Gram-negative bacteria. At a 50% concentration, the inhibition zones against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 21.53 mm and 22.13 mm, respectively. These results demonstrate that lerak fruit extract possesses strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This research provides a foundation for developing environmentally friendly antibacterial soap formulations using lerak fruit extract.

The Preliminary Study of Electrigens Potential from Wastewater as The Manifestation Of "Khalifah Fil Tadbir" Conception

2024-12-29T13:04:59+00:00

This study reveals that the super-intensive shrimp farming waste from Punaga can be used as a source of electricity through a bio-electrogenic process based on indigenous potential bacteria from the waste. The results show that four types of potential bacteria isolated from the super-intensive shrimp farming waste can each produce a significant average power density. Bacteria isolate D (Bacillus sp) showed the highest electrogenic potential with an average power density of 38.55±0.87 mW/m², followed by bacteria isolate B (Pseudomonas sp) with an average power density of 34.72±2.80 mW/m², bacteria isolate C (Bacillus sp) with an average power density of 29.90±5.26 mW/m², and bacteria isolate A (Bacillus sp) with an average power density of 25.90±1.69 mW/m². This study shows that the super-intensive shrimp farming waste from Punaga can be utilized as a source of electricity through a bio-electrogenic process using certain potential bacteria, such as Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp isolates. The development of waste treatment technology as a source of electricity through the bio-electrogenic process can provide a significant contribution to addressing global energy and environmental issues. This can be considered an implementation of the concept of "khalifah fil tadbir", in which humans act as stewards of the earth, responsible for using natural resources wisely and being accountable for the resulting environmental impacts.

Pilihan Habitat Kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) di Sepanjang Sistem Agroforestri Taman Nasional Lore Lindu dan Kawasan Enklave, Sulawesi, Indonesia

2024-12-29T12:24:39+00:00

Butterflies are well-established bio-indicators for assessing biodiversity and monitoring ecosystem responses to environmental disturbances. Understanding their habitat preferences can help identify critical areas that require conservation to sustain their populations. This study aimed to determine butterfly habitat preferences across six land-use types in Lore Lindu National Park (natural forest habitats: primary forest, secondary forest, agroforestry, and river streams) and the Lindu and Besoa Enclave areas (anthropogenic systems: cocoa plantations and settlements). Butterflies were collected using insect nets with sweep netting techniques along transect lines in each habitat. Each habitat was divided into three 200-meter-long transects, sampled using purposive sampling. Butterfly habitat preferences in natural and anthropogenic habitats were evaluated by comparing the number of individuals and species, the percentage of families, and species composition across habitats. 1,786 individuals from 85 species across five butterfly families were recorded in Lore Lindu National Park and the surrounding enclave areas. The highest number of individuals and species was found in agroforestry habitats (527 individuals, 46 species). In contrast, primary forests had the lowest number of species (14 species), and river streams had the fewest individuals (76 individuals). The highest diversity index was found in agroforestry habitats (H' = 3.33, E = 0.75), while the lowest was in primary forests (H' = 2.27, E = 0.51). The Nymphalidae family had the highest percentage of species and individuals, distributed across all habitats. Species composition similarity among butterfly habitats grouped them into three categories: primary forest‒river stream, cocoa plantation‒settlement, and secondary forest‒agroforestry. Natural habitats (primary forests, secondary forests, agroforestry, and areas around river streams) supported a higher number of species compared to anthropogenic systems like cocoa plantations and settlements. Therefore, natural habitats are crucial for supporting butterfly populations in Lore Lindu National Park and its surrounding areas.

Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tepung Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocerus polyrhizus) pada Brownies Pukis Kulit Buah Naga (Bruga)

2024-12-29T17:03:10+00:00

Dragon fruit is a fruit that contains many benefits inside it. One part of the dragon fruit that has high nutritional value is the skin. The skin can be processed into products made into flour which can be used as an ingredient in cakes. The utilization of this dragon fruit skin to cakes can also add nutritional benefits to cakes itself. Dragon fruit skin flour itself has a rich content of antioxidants. These antioxidants have the benefit of protecting the body from various kinds of disease and can protect the body against the effects of free radicals. Apart from that, the utilization of this dragon fruit skin can be used to reduce dragon fruit waste which often pollutes the surrounding environment. This dragon fruit waste is still minimally utilized in the wider community so that accumulation often occurs. Therefore, holding this research can add efficacy and nutritional value to cakes and reduce the amount of dragon fruit peel waste in the surrounding environment to create a clean and eco-friendly environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and also the antioxidant activity contained in dragon fruit peel flour which would be made in the form of pukis brownies. These pukis brownies were divided into 3 concentrations, contain with 100% wheat flour, 50% dragon fruit peel flour, and 100% dragon fruit peel flour by analyzing the starch content and the influence of the quality of the pukis brownies in terms of shape, color, taste, smell and texture.

Biodiversitas Avifauna dan Insekta Sebagai Bioindikator Keasrian Kampus UIN Alauddin Makassar

2024-12-30T11:58:49+00:00

The presence of avifauna and insects provides ecological value and contributes significantly to the sustainability and well-being of the academic community. By maintaining biodiversity, the UIN Alauddin Makassar campus can serve as a model for other educational institutions while fulfilling one of the Chancellor's Pancacita goals: creating a campus that is academically excellent and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to examine the diversity of avifauna and insects as bioindicators on the UIN Alauddin Makassar Campus using the Index Point of Abundance (IPA), with samples taken at 5 points on Campus 1 and 10 points on Campus 2. The results revealed 28 avifauna species, with 192 individuals in Area A and 605 individuals in Area B, where Passer montanus had the highest abundance (218 individuals). Insect diversity included 106 species, with 564 individuals in Area A and 694 in Area B. The most abundant insect in Area A was Solenopsis invicta (fire ants, 65 individuals), while Oecophylla smaragdina (weaver ants, 146 individuals) dominated in Area B. The diversity of avifauna and insects serves as a bio-indicator of environmental health, meaning a good habitat quality and supporting a balanced ecosystem. The findings suggest that the UIN Alauddin Makassar Campus remains relatively pristine and aesthetically pleasing, supported by the high number of species and ecological indices observed.