Risk Behavior for Pesticide Exposure in Children living in Agricultural Area
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are mixtures of chemicals used to control or kill pests. Pesticides are often used in agriculture to maintain and increase agricultural production, but have a negative impact on the environment and public health. Children who live in agricultural areas are a group at risk of exposure to pesticides due to activities such as playing and participating in agricultural activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the behavior at risk of exposure to pesticides in children in the agricultural area of Bulakamba District. This type of research is descriptive with a cross-sectional study design. The research variable is the identification of behavior at risk of exposure to pesticides in children. The subjects of the study were elementary school students in the Bulakamba district as many as 48 students. Data were collected by interview, observation, and examination of pesticide metabolites in students' urine. . The results showed that of the 48 students exposed to pesticides, 17 students were positive for pesticide metabolites and 31 students were negative. Risk behavior is the work of parents as farmers from 19 students there are 10 students who are positively exposed to pesticides, the habit of playing in agricultural areas from 18 students there are 11 students who are exposed to pesticides, the habit of helping with agricultural activities from 15 students there are 10 students positive for pesticides and the habit of storing pesticides in the home environment of 21 students there are 11 students positively exposed to pesticides.
Downloads
References
Alim, K. Y., Rosidi, A., & Suhartono, S. (2018). Riwayat Paparan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun Di Daerah Pertanian. Gizi Indonesia, 41(2), 77-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v41i2.284
Az-Zuhaili, W., 1993. At-Tafsir Al-Wajiz Wa Mu'jam Ma'ani Al-Qur'an Al-Aziz. Dar Al-Fikr Beirut
Boedeker, W., Watts, M., Clausing, P., & Marquez, E. (2020). The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review. BMC public health, 20(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09939-0
Bradman, A., Castorina, R., Barr, D. B., Chevrier, J., Harnly, M. E., Eisen, E. A., McKone, T. E., Harley, K., Holland, N., & Eskenazi, B. (2011). Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in young children living in an agricultural community. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(4), 1061–1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8041061
Brouwer, M., Huss, A., van der Mark, M., Nijssen, P. C., Mulleners, W. M., Sas, A. M., & Vermeulen, R. C. (2017). Environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands. Environment international, 107, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.001
Bukalasa, J. S., Brunekreef, B., Brouwer, M., Koppelman, G. H., Wijga, A. H., Huss, A., & Gehring, U. (2018). Associations of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides with asthma prevalence in adolescence: The PIAMA birth cohort. Environment international, 121, 435-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.029
Buralli, R. J., Dultra, A. F., & Ribeiro, H. (2020). Respiratory and allergic effects in children exposed to Pesticides—A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082740
Butler-Dawson, J., Galvin, K., Thorne, P. S., & Rohlman, D. S. (2016). Organophosphorus pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in Latino children living in an orchard community. Neurotoxicology, 53, 165-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.009
Carles, C., Bouvier, G., Esquirol, Y., Piel, C., Migault, L., Pouchieu, C., & Baldi, I. (2017). Residential proximity to agricultural land and risk of brain tumor in the general population. Environmental research, 159, 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.025
Carmichael, S. L., Yang, W., Ma, C., Roberts, E., Kegley, S., English, P., ... & Shaw, G. M. (2016). Joint effects of genetic variants and residential proximity to pesticide applications on hypospadias risk. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 106(8), 653-658. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23508
Chanda, E., Mzilahowa, T., Chipwanya, J., Mulenga, S., Ali, D., Troell, P., ... & Gimnig, J. (2015). Preventing malaria transmission by indoor residual spraying in Malawi: grappling with the challenge of uncertain sustainability. Malaria journal, 14(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0759-3
Coker, E., Gunier, R., Bradman, A., Harley, K., Kogut, K., Molitor, J., & Eskenazi, B. (2017). Association between pesticide profiles used on agricultural fields near maternal residences during pregnancy and IQ at age 7 years. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(5), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050506
Corral, S. A., de Angel, V., Salas, N., Zúñiga-Venegas, L., Gaspar, P. A., & Pancetti, F. (2017). Cognitive impairment in agricultural workers and nearby residents exposed to pesticides in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. Neurotoxicology and teratology, 62, 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2017.05.003
Deziel, N. C., Friesen, M. C., Hoppin, J. A., Hines, C. J., Thomas, K., & Freeman, L. E. B. (2015). A review of nonoccupational pathways for pesticide exposure in women living in agricultural areas. Environmental health perspectives, 123(6), 515-524. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408273
El‐Zaemey, S., Heyworth, J., & Fritschi, L. (2013). Noticing pesticide spray drift from agricultural pesticide application areas and breast cancer: a case‐control study. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 37(6), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12111
Gómez-Barroso, D., García-Pérez, J., López-Abente, G., Tamayo-Uria, I., Morales-Piga, A., Pardo Romaguera, E., & Ramis, R. (2016). Agricultural crop exposure and risk of childhood cancer: new findings from a case–control study in Spain. International journal of health geographics, 15(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-016-0047-7
Hagstrom, D., Zhang, S., Ho, A., Tsai, E. S., Radić, Z., Jahromi, A., & Collins, E. M. S. (2018). Planarian cholinesterase: molecular and functional characterization of an evolutionarily ancient enzyme to study organophosphorus pesticide toxicity. Archives of toxicology, 92(3), 1161-1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-017-2130-7
Hemingway, J., Ranson, H., Magill, A., Kolaczinski, J., Fornadel, C., Gimnig, J., & Hamon, N. (2016). Averting a malaria disaster: will insecticide resistance derail malaria control?. The Lancet, 387(10029), 1785-1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00417-1
Hyland, C., & Laribi, O. (2017). Review of take-home pesticide exposure pathway in children living in agricultural areas. Environmental research, 156, 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.017
Jones, R. R., Yu, C. L., Nuckols, J. R., Cerhan, J. R., Airola, M., Ross, J. A., & Ward, M. H. (2014). Farm residence and lymphohematopoietic cancers in the Iowa Women׳ s Health Study. Environmental research, 133, 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.028
Kartin, A., Subagio, H. W., Hadisaputro, S., Kartasurya, M. I., Suhartono, S., & Budiyono, B. (2019). Pesticide exposure and stunting among children in agricultural areas. The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 10(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.15171%2Fijoem.2019.1428
Larsen, A.E., Gaines, S.D. & Deschênes, O. Agricultural pesticide use and adverse birth outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Nat Commun 8, 302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00349-2
Malagoli, C., Costanzini, S., Heck, J. E., Malavolti, M., De Girolamo, G., Oleari, P., & Vinceti, M. (2016). Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 219(8), 742-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.015
Mamane, A., Raherison, C., Tessier, J. F., Baldi, I., & Bouvier, G. (2015). Environmental exposure to pesticides and respiratory health. European respiratory review, 24(137), 462-473. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.00006114
Marks, A. R., Harley, K., Bradman, A., Kogut, K., Barr, D. B., Johnson, C., Calderon, N., & Eskenazi, B. (2010). Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study. Environmental health perspectives, 118(12), 1768–1774. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002056
Mfarrej, M. F. B., & Rara, F. M. (2019). Competitive, sustainable natural pesticides. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.08.005
Munir, M. (2015). Nilai-Nilai Islam Dalam Bahan Ajar Tematik Makananku Sehat Dan Bergizi: Suatu Konsep Integratif Pembelajaran Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar, 7(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.18860/jt.v7i2.3326
Özkara, A., Akyıl, D., & Konuk, M. (2016). Pesticides, environmental pollution, and health. In Environmental health risk-hazardous factors to living species. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/63094
Paul, K. C., Ling, C., Lee, A., To, T. M., Cockburn, M., Haan, M., & Ritz, B. (2018). Cognitive decline, mortality, and organophosphorus exposure in aging Mexican Americans. Environmental research, 160, 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.017
Raanan, R., Gunier, R. B., Balmes, J. R., Beltran, A. J., Harley, K. G., Bradman, A., & Eskenazi, B. (2017). Elemental sulfur use and associations with pediatric lung function and respiratory symptoms in an agricultural community (California, USA). Environmental health perspectives, 125(8), 087007. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP528
Rappazzo, K. M., Warren, J. L., Meyer, R. E., Herring, A. H., Sanders, A. P., Brownstein, N. C., & Luben, T. J. (2016). Maternal residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and birth defects in a 2003 to 2005 North Carolina birth cohort. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 106(4), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.23479
Roberts, J. R., Karr, C. J., Paulson, J. A., Brock-Utne, A. C., Brumberg, H. L., Campbell, C. C., & Wright, R. O. (2012). Pesticide exposure in children. Pediatrics, 130(6), e1765-e1788. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2758
Rowe, C., Gunier, R., Bradman, A., Harley, K. G., Kogut, K., Parra, K., & Eskenazi, B. (2016). Residential proximity to organophosphate and carbamate pesticide use during pregnancy, poverty during childhood, and cognitive functioning in 10-year-old children. Environmental research, 150, 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.048
Sánchez-Santed, F., Colomina, M. T., & Hernández, E. H. (2016). Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration. Cortex, 74, 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.003
Shihab, M. Q. (2002). Tafsir al-misbah. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2. Mizan Pustaka.
Shihab, M. Q. (2007). Membumikan Al-Quran: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat. Mizan Pustaka.
Van Maele-Fabry, G., Gamet-Payrastre, L., & Lison, D. (2019). Household exposure to pesticides and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 222(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.004
Xu, X., Nembhard, W. N., Kan, H., Becker, A., & Talbott, E. O. (2012). Residential pesticide use is associated with children's respiratory symptoms. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31825cb6ae
Zakiyah, N., Setiani, O., & Dewanti, N. A. Y. (2017). Hubungan paparan pestisida dengan gangguan perkembangan anak usia 3-5 tahun di Desa Girirejo Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip), 5(3), 402-410. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v5i3.17257
Zhang, M., Zeiss, M. R., & Geng, S. (2015). Agricultural pesticide use and food safety: California's model. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(11), 2340-2357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61126-1
Copyright (c) 2022 Ilyas Ibrahim, Sahri Sillehu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead to wider dissemination of the work.
