ELFALAKY: Jurnal Ilmu Falak

AKURASI AWAL WAKTU SALAT ZUHUR DENGAN BAYANG-BAYANG MATAHARI

Hasna Tuddar Putri — 2024-12-17

The concept in determining noon prayer time is an explanation or theory that discusses the noon prayer time either astronomy or fiqh. In reality the position of the sun plays an important role in the accuracy of the prayer times. Which is determined by manual or digital concepts by reckoning and rukyat. In sharia law determining the time for the noon prayer is carried out when the sun goes down. To see the position of the sun's shadow has slipped or not, it is necessary to make direct observations. Therefor, it is necessary to explain again the position of the sun's shadow at noon time. It can determine the accuracy of the noon prayer time. So that there is a balance between reckoning and rukyat. This research is a qualitative research. The primary data used is the result of field research. It based on the position of the sun's shadow data. The direct data collection on the research object, the sun's shadow. After collecting data will be analyzed with an analytical descriptive method. The results is the position of the sun's shadow calculated at 12:28 WIB shows is still right on the line. It shows the north-south direction, then at 12:30 WIB the position of the sun's shadow has slipped to the east. The sun's shadow shows that in determining the noon time there must be an more 2-minute of ikhtiyat. Thus, the results will be more precise when adding ihtiyat.

AKURASI ARAH KIBLAT DI PEEMAKAMAN BERGOTA 2 KEMBANGRUM KOTA SEMARANG

Firza Baihaqi Ibnu Faizal — 2024-12-17

The direction of the Qibla is something that is often a hotly debated issue in the Islamic world. Because the distance between countries varies, which then also influences the difference in degrees of Qibla direction, a Qibla direction accuracy test is needed. Not only when performing worship, but there is also a series of Islamic laws which require facing the direction of the Qibla, for example when burying a body. This research aims to find out how far the deviation from the Qibla direction occurs at TPU Bergota 2 Kembangarum Semarang. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach in the nature of field research. From the results of this research, it was found that TPU Bergota 2 Kembangarum Semarang had a deviation of around 12° 12' 43.15". Based on the results of research that has been carried out regarding the accuracy of the Qibla direction at the Bergota 2 Kembangarum Cemetery in Semarang using several methods of Qibla direction accuracy using astronomical instruments such as theodolite, istiwa'aini, and rashdul Qibla, it is concluded that this location has a coordinate point of approximately –7° 0' 57” LS and 110° 22' 47” BT.

INTEGRASI NAVIGASI DAN RASI BINTANG (Tradisi Astronomi Masyarakat Etnis Sulawesi)

Hikmatul Adhiyah — 2024-12-18

The existence of traditional knowledge about direction based on the position of the constellation is an intellectual work in the form of cultural manifestation, which was born as a form of identity of an ethnic group in Sulawesi. This knowledge is owned, applied, and maintained to this day by ethnic communities in Sulawesi. This is because there is an essence and existence of astronomy and ethnoastronomy as a science that continues to develop to this day. Based on this, the main problem in this study is how to determine navigation based on the constellations of the Sulawesi ethnic community in astronomy and ethnoastronomy. This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship between navigation and constellations of the Sulawesi ethnic community with astronomy and ethnoastronomy. Therefore, a qualitative descriptive method is used by describing the existing data sources, then analyzed inductively through an astronomical and ethnoastronomic approach. The results of the study show that the four ethnic communities of Sulawesi including the Bugis, Makasaar, Mandar, and Toraja ethnic groups have traditional knowledge about constellations to determine navigation in astronomical and ethnoastronomic observations.

ETHNOASTRONOMICAL STUDIES IN THE COSMOLOGY OF ALUK TO DOLO BELIEFS IN TANA TORAJA

Firdaus Farid — 2024-12-18

This research examines ethnoastronomy in the context of the cosmology of Aluk ToDolo belief in Tana Toraja. Aluk Todolo is a traditional belief system of the Toraja people that has a close relationship with astronomical symbols and cosmology. This research aims to explore how the people of Tana Toraja utilize ethnoastronomical knowledge in the cosmological belief system of Aluk To Dolo and how this affects their traditional rites, ceremonies and social structures. The research method involved literature analysis, interviews with traditional leaders, and qualitative descriptive participatory observation using socio-historical, ethnological, and anthropological approaches and data collection was obtained from the review of textual studies. The results show that the elements of Ethnoastronomy in the Cosmology of Alok ToDolo belief are symbolized in the mapping of the universe in horizontal and vertical forms. The vertical form here is interpreted in the “four cardinal directions”, while the vertical mapping of the universe means that the universe consists of several layers.

PERSEPSI SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-JUNAIDIYAH BIRU TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PENANGGALAN MASEHI DAN HIJRIYAH

Nurul Wakia — 2024-12-18

Based on the information provided, the research examines the perception of students (santri) of Al-Junaidiyah Biru Islamic Boarding School towards the Gregorian and Hijri calendars. The research aims to address the following issues: Reality of Calendar Learning How is the learning of the Gregorian and Hijri calendars conducted in the formal Islamic education at Al-Junaidiyah Biru Islamic Boarding School, what is the perception and understanding of students at Al-Junaidiyah Biru Islamic Boarding School towards the Gregorian and Hijri calendars. The research methodology is field research (lapangan) utilizing a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection involves primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include literature such as books, journals, and dissertations that support the research. The findings suggest that students' perception of the Gregorian and Hijri calendars emphasizes their importance in relation to Islamic worship and daily life. The calendar curriculum is structured according to the Graduation Competence Standards (Standar Kompetensi Lulusan, SKL) established by the boarding school. The implications of the research propose that the curriculum on Islamic astronomy (ilmu falak) could be further developed based on the Ministry of Religious Affairs Regulation Number 13 of 2014 concerning Islamic Religious Education in Al-Junaidiyah Biru Islamic Boarding School. Additionally, it suggests the provision of instruments related to the calendar system within the boarding school. Overall, the study underscores the significance of calendar knowledge in Islamic education and highlights potential areas for curriculum enhancement and educational policy implementation within Al-Junaidiyah Biru Islamic Boarding School.

SIGNIFIKANSI OBSERVATORIUM DAN PLANETARIUM DI ERA MODERN

Abdul Kohar — 2024-12-18

Observatory is a location that is used to observe events related to Outer Space or Earth. The observatory also developed from one generation to the next. The first observatory was founded in the Abbasid period al-Ma'unun, the Syammasiyah observatory. The characteristic of this period is that the observatory aims to produce ephimeris data from the Sun, Moon and planets, and catalog stars. The observatory in early Europe was marked by an observatory that built by Tycho Brahe. He made observations from 1588 to 1591 and he produced a catalog of 777 stars with increased accuracy. The results of this observation are used by Kepler to find the motion of planet ellipses. Furthermore, in the modern era, observatories are characterized by observing celestial bodies using the electromagnetic spectrum. The urgency of observatories in the modern era is as a science institution, as a way of collecting accurate astronomical data, the Royal Greenwich Observatory as a Prime Meridian point and as a way of determining worship times. Whereas, Planetarium is a theater to demonstrate the simulation of the arrangement of stars and the movement of celestial bodies. The Urgency of Planetarium is as an Astronomical Educational Vehicle and as a means of entertainment.

SPIRIT BUDAYA ISLAM NUSANTARA DALAM KONSTRUK RUBU MUJAYYAB

M. Rauuf Muta'aalii — 2024-12-18

This research examines the rubu 'mujayyab as a classical instrument and the work of ulama archipelago. Rubu 'mujayyab keeps the scientific treasures as the primary reference for the development of advanced Islamic astronomical tools. The methodology used in rubu 'mujayyab is the science of a spherical triangle connected with the concept of the earth round. Urgency rubu 'mujayyab in Islamic tradition is as a measuring tool one of them is to determine the distance and altitude. Rukyat al-hilal and the direction of Qiblah is one part that can be measured by rubu 'mujayyab. With the base of the surface point of the earth can be expressed in two coordinates, namely longitude and latitude. Through this paper submitted that rubu 'mujayyab as a measuring instrument of rukyat al-hilal and direction of Qiblah in his time is an accurate and precise tool. However, after a study with contemporary tools the calculation of rubu 'mujayyab did not reach the minute scale. In the process of calculation also requires a long process, because there are several steps that must be taken. Meanwhile, calculations using the scientific calculator method can include data processed with a formula that can produce high accuracy calculations. Yet the spirit of Islamic archipelago in the development of scientific treasures through rubu 'mujayyab still must be preserved.

THE VIEWS OF RELIGIUS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS ON DETERMINING THE QIBLA DIRECTION

Aluh Suciati Suciati — 2024-12-18

Abstract

This study aims to determine the qibla direction at Masjid Besar Fathul Mubin in Jerowaru using the Istiwa’aini method and to understand the perspectives of religious and community leaders regarding the qibla direction based on this method. The research employs field research and a mixed-method approach to combine positivism and post-positivism. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources in Jerowaru Village, with analysis conducted interactively. The results reveal that views on the qibla direction at Masjid Besar Fathul Mubin originated from a recalibration conducted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs several years ago. However, this recalibration triggered debates among community leaders. Some accepted the recalibration results and sought to adjust the mosque's qibla direction accordingly, while others rejected the change, causing uncertainty in establishing the qibla direction. Of the six informants interviewed regarding the qibla issue in Jerowaru Village, three rejected the qibla adjustment because they believed that the measurements by their ancestors were accurate. In contrast, the other three informants agreed on recalibrating the qibla direction using modern tools and accurate methods. Efforts to address the qibla direction deviation could include recalibration by the Ministry of Religious Affairs or the Jerowaru Sub-district Office using modern astronomical tools, along with socialization and support to enhance understanding of the importance of precise qibla direction. Establishing the qibla direction based on recalibration results may provoke disputes among community and religious leaders who oppose it, leading to prolonged debates. However, failure to adjust the qibla could impact the validity of the prayers of Jerowaru residents, underscoring the importance of making a decisive resolution on this matter..

UJI KELAYAKAN PANTAI TEBING KARANG KERAKAS SEBAGAI LOKASI RUKYATUL HILAL

Shintiya Desvi Triyan Putri Shintiya — 2024-12-18

The main issue in rukyatul hilal is the difference in perspective between the hisab and rukyat methods in determining the beginning of the lunar month, which often leads to confusion and debate among Muslims. Additionally, the success of hilal observation is influenced by various factors such as weather conditions, air quality, and site selection, making it important to assess the suitability of observation locations like Pantai Tebing Karang Kerakas in Lombok. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of Pantai Tebing Karang Kerakas as a rukyatul hilal location. It employs a field research approach with a mixed-method research design, combining qualitative and quantitative research to assess the site's suitability. The researcher conducted direct observations of the geographical, astronomical, and climatological conditions using telescopes and cameras, and analyzed the data descriptively and comparatively to provide a comprehensive overview. The results indicate that geographically and astronomically, Pantai Tebing Karang Kerakas does not meet the clear view criteria for the azimuth range of 240-300 degrees. Specifically, Mount Agung obstructs the view at azimuth 248, and at azimuth 270, the sky is often covered with thick clouds, hindering hilal observation. Meteorologically, as discussed in the previous chapter, the weather at Pantai Tebing is less favorable during certain months. High rainfall in the region leads to thick cloud formation, frequently obstructing or failing hilal observations.

SHADIQ DAWN OBSERVATION USING ALL SKY CAMERA IN DELI SERDANG, NORTH SUMATERA

Marataon Ritonga — 2024-12-18

Technological advancements in optics and digital image recorders as means were breakthroughs in capturing and observing Shadiq Fajr's appearance which produce images according to visual as seen by the eye in the field. Digital camera usage such as the All-Sky Camera which is adjustable in taking dawn data according to a certain time, could show the sky conditions from dark to light, thus providing real evidence of the shadiq fajr appearance. Based on the research conducted, there are differences in Fajr prayer times based on the results of the observations by the All-Sky Camera with processed images using ImageJ and the Fajr prayer schedule issued by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the image produced by ASC and processed using imagej, it shows that there is a change in the sky from dark to bright time which is characterized by significant graphic changes continuously. The study results obtained the average of the Sun depth at the Shadiq Fajr appearance is the altitude of 13.75 degrees below the horizon.