HISABUNA: Jurnal Ilmu Falak

RESPON MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN SIDANG ISBAT KEMENTERIAN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM MENETAPKAN RAMADHAN DAN IDULFITRI

Idham Nursyamsyah Syahrir — 2025-07-16

This article discusses the perceptions of the people of Barombong District, Gowa Regency regarding the implementation of isbat meetings by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, this paper examines in depth how the results of isbat meetings are in the public's view. This research is classified as field research with a syar'i and sociological approach, the data used comes from interviews and field observations. The results of research on people's perceptions of the people of Barombong Sub-District regarding the implementation of isbat meetings, the community considers that isbat meetings are very important to provide certainty to the community besides that the community thinks that the decisions of isbat meetings are government policies that are part of the duties and functions of the Ministry of Religion as a government representation. The response of the Barombong Subdistrict Community to the decision of the Isbat meeting in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr, the majority of the people make the decision of the Isbat meeting as a reference or guide in carrying out Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr fasting, this certainly strengthens the position and role of the Ministry of Religion as the government's representative in deciding and establishing implementation of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr fasting in Indonesia. It is hoped that the Ministry of Religion will make efforts to approach Islamic organizations in Indonesia to create a new formula in the framework of unifying Islamic holidays in Indonesia. It is hoped that experts, experts, academics and practitioners of astronomy will study and explore the method of determining the beginning of the lunar month by seeking the presence of standardization methods nationally as well as efforts to unify the international Islamic calendar.

Keywords: Response, Isbat Assembly, Determination of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr

Analysis the Influence of Light Pollution on the Image of Dawn as the Beginning of Subuh Prayer Time in East Sinjai Regency of Sinjai

Jihan nashirah Hasbullah — 2025-07-16

Abstract

This article discusses the impact of light pollution on the dawn image as the beginning of the Fajr prayer time in East Sinjai, Sinjai Regency, with two sub-issues: The influence of light pollution on the dawn image as the beginning of the Fajr prayer time in East Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency and The state of the dawn image as a determinant of the beginning of Fajr prayer time during excessive light pollution in East Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency. This type of research uses field research with a qualitative approach, where the researcher conducts direct observations of the study objects in the field. The researcher employs literature, religious and astronomical approaches. In data processing, this study is conducted in three stages: field observation, interviews with local residents and tourists and lastly documentation of the conditions in the research field. The results of the study at two locations, namely Mallenreng Beach and Bulokkong Beach, found the preliminary Fajr prayer time in East Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, to be at 04:25 and 04:26, showing the dawn ṣhadiq using the ImageJ application, while the time differs from the Fajr call to prayer at nearby mosques (Masjid Al Ikhlas, Subulussalam, Rayatul Falah, and Jami’ Majmullatif), which is at 04:36. This is caused by high-category light pollution present in the research location. The implications of this research suggest that light users should reduce and promptly turn off lights so that travelers are not hindered when observing the dawn ṣhadiq, and there should be a "perpetual" prayer schedule according to local coordinates, ensuring there is no difference in the beginning times between one mosque and another, and for the owners of fishing traps to use coverings to block excessive light pollution towards the sky caused by mercury lamps, as this light is only needed underwater to attract fish into the traps.

Keywords: Light Pollution, Dawn Image, Beginning of Fajr Prayer Time

Perhitungan Awal Bulan dan Konversi Kalender Masehi ke Hijriah Dengan Perspektif Ilmu Falak

FIRAWATI FIRA — 2025-07-16

Perhitungan awal bulan dan konversi kalender masehi ke hijriah berdasarkan data yang telah ada. Menghitung awal bulan pada hakekatnya adalah menghitung posisi matahari sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Posisi matahari tidak selalu sama setiap harinya, hal ini karena revolusi bumi yang menyebabkan gerak semu harian matahari sehingga memungkinkan penentuan awal bulan tidak sama setiap bulannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pustaka (library research) dalam artian mencari artikel, skripsi, jurnal dan buku yang berhubungan dengan judul penulis. Adapun pendekatan yang penulis gunakan adalah pendekatan syar’i dan pendekatan astronomis. Menurut sumber datanya, data penelitian dibagi menjadi dua data, yakni data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perspektif ilmu falak terhadap perhitungan awal bulan dan konversi kalender masehi ke hijriah yang digunakan adalah metode hisab atau perhitungan. Adapun sampel bulan yang diambil yaitu Hisab awal bulan Syawal, Zulqaedah dan Dzulhijjah 1444 H yang mana terjadi istiqmal maka jumlah harinya digenapkan menjadi 30 hari. Dimana ketinggian hilal tidak memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Konversi kalender masehi ke hijriah dijadikan patokan adalah tanggal lahir penulis dan tanggal lahir orangtua penulis menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan telah sesuai dengan metode ilmu falak yaitu hisab urfi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini ialah diharapkan kepada pemerintah ataupun tokoh-tokoh agama dapat memperluas wawasan yang sudah mengetahui ataupun yang belum mengetahui tentang tata cara perhitungan awal bulan dan konversi tahun masehi ke tahun hijriah secara tepat dan benar secara modern. Diharapkan mahasiswa khususnya fakultas syari’ah dan hukum dan jurusan ilmu falak agar kiranya dapat berperan penting dan aktif dalam memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat terkait dengan tata cara perhitungan awal bulan dan konversi tahun masehi ke tahun hijriah.

PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG GERHANA DI DESA SUMBANG KECAMATAN CURIO KABUPATEN ENREKANG PERSPEKTIF ILMU FALAK

andi_heni Burhanuddin — 2025-07-16

Pokok masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemahaman masyarakat tentang gerhana di Desa Sumbang Kecamatan Curio Kabupaten Enrekang perspektif ilmu falak? Pokok masalah tersebut selanjutnya di-breakdown ke dalam beberapa submasalah yaitu: 1) Bagaimana realita pemahaman masyarakat tentang gerhana di Desa Sumbang Kecamatan Curio Kabupaten Enrekang?, 2) Bagaimana pandangan ilmu falak terhadap pemahaman segolongan masyarakat tentang gerhana di Desa Sumbang Kecamatan Curio Kabupaten Enrekang? Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan atau field research dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah teologis-normatif (syar’i), yuridis dan sosiologis. Adapun sumber data penelitian ini adalah tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, Kepala KUA dan Imam Desa. Selanjutnya, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Lalu, teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat masyarakat di Desa Sumbang yang belum mengetahui tentang bagaimana proses terjadinya gerhana, sehingga pemahaman mereka masih bersumber dari perspektif nenek moyang mereka terdahulu. Seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan mengubah anggapan masyarakat, bagi yang menempuh pendidikan gerhana dianggap sebagai fenomena alam yang menunjukkan tanda kekuasaan Allah swt. Adapun perspektif ilmu falak gerhana dianggap sebagai fenomena alam yang ditakdirkan oleh Allah swt. untuk menunjukkan keagungan dan kebesaran-Nya, yang tidak dihubungkan dengan mitos atau kepercayaan tertentu serta waktu untuk melaksanakan ibadah yang terkait dengan gerhana sebagaimana yang telah dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah saw. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk bisa memahami gerhana dengan baik dan tanpa mengaitkan fenomena tersebut dengan berbagai kepercayaan atau mitos. Dan diharapkan perhatian dari para ahli Falak untuk menyebarkan informasi dan pengajaran tentang gerhana matahari dan bulan pada masyarakat di Desa Sumbang secara luas.

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN WAKTU SALAT AKIBAT REVOLUSI BUMI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KEPLER 1 DAN ILMU FALAK

muh. ardi maulana — 2025-07-16

Penelitian ini menghadirkan tiga item rumusan masalah yaitu: Pertama,
bagaimana urgensi waktu salat dan perubahannya dalam Islam? Kedua,
bagaimana implikasi revolusi bumi terhadap waktu salat? Ketiga, bagaimana
analisis perubahan waktu salat akibat revolusi bumi perspektif hukum kepler
1 dan ilmu falak? Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan
metode analisis deskriptif. Penulis secara khusus menggunakan dua
pendekatan. Pendekatan astronomis yang berkaitan langsung dengan
fenomena alam semesta, seperti planet dengan gerakannya, serta matahari.
Pendekatan syar'i yang berkaitan langsung dengan waktu salat berdasarkan
Al-Quran dan al-hadis. Data diperoleh melalui library research dengan
mengutip dan menganalisis dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content
analysis) terhadap literatur yang relevan dengan masalah yang dibahas,
kemudian mengulas dan menyimpulkannya. Hasil penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, urgensi waktu salat dan perubahannya dalam
islam menekankan pentingnya ketaatan terhadap waktu ibadah, kesadaran
akan perubahan waktu yang mungkin terjadi dan kesiapan untuk
menyesuaikan praktik keagamaan dengan waktu yang telah ditetapkan.
Kedua, cara bumi berevolusi mempengaruhi periode waktu siang dan malam,
yang menentukan waktu waktu salat seperti subuh dan magrib. variasi jarak
antara bumi dan matahari dalam sekali revolusi menyebabkan perubahan
waktu waktu salat sepanjang hari selama setahun. Ketiga, pemahaman yang
mendalam tentang prinsip-prinsip astronomi, termasuk hukum kepler 1 dan
ilmu falak, sangat penting dalam menentukan waktu-waktu salat yang sesuai
dengan prinsip-prinsip agama. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya integrasi
antara ilmu pengetahuan dan ilmu agama dalam praktiknya sehari-hari.
Implikasi penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi hukum kepler 1 dalam
menentukan perubahan waktu salat, termasuk posisi bumi dan matahari
dalam praktik ibadah sehari hari selama setahun. Pentingnya memperhatikan
dan mentadabburi sebagian tanda tanda kebesaran-Nya yakni matahari dan
bumi untuk mengetahui awal waktu salat.

ANALISIS PEMIKRAN MUHAMMAD MANSHUR AL-BATAWI TERHADAP HISAB RUKYAT DALAM KITAB SULLAM NAYYIRAIN

Rahman Kaharuddin — 2025-07-17

“This article discusses Manshur al Batawi's analysis of Hisab Rukyat in the Book of Sullam Nayyirain. Research on hisab rukyat the author refers to the thought of hisab rukyat Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi in the Sullamun Nayyirain Book, with the research approach used being the astronomical, syar'i approach, and the character approach in this case, Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi from the results of this research found that Muhammad Masnhur al-Batawi's reckoning thoughts are basically the thoughts of a network of scholars with Arab scholars including Syek Abdurrahman al-Misri, Mansur's teacher who received his first education directly from his parents who were scholars. Mas Manshur al-Batawi's ruyat reckoning thought uses Ptolemy's theory which has a geocentric principle, which according to scientific history has been superimposed by the heliocentric principle. So it is natural that the calculation results include the true reckoning of taqribi, to calculate the time of ijtima', solar eclipse and lunar eclipse. To calculate the beginning of the month of Kamariyah according to this book, start by calculating when ijtima' occurs. The technique for calculating the height of the new moon at sunset is by finding the difference between the sunset time and the ijtima' time that occurs before Ghurub, so that night the new moon has entered. The implication of this research is that every student of science should seek as much knowledge as possible, as was done by Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi who did not look at age in seeking knowledge, especially for those interested in astronomy, so that the knowledge gained can be a source of knowledge for us and those who are also interested in learning. learn from us. Like now, the work of Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi is a charity for him because many of his works are used as writing references.

PARTISIPASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PROSES RUKYAT HILAL UNTUK PENENTUAN AWAL BULAN HIJRIYAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Selvi Oktaviana Baharuddin — 2025-07-17

This research discusses women's participation in the Rukyat Hilal process to determine the start of the Hijriyah month in Makassar City. This research uses research (field research) using qualitative methods. The approach used by the author is a syar'i approach and a sociological approach. According to the data source, the data in this research is divided into two data, namely primary data and secondary data. Women's participation in the rukyat Hilal process in Makassar City shows a variety of views, with some opinions supporting women's participation without exception, while others highlight individual abilities and capacities rather than just gender. The public's perception of women's participation in the rukyat Hilal process in Makassar City shows an inclusive attitude towards gender roles in religious activities. The community sees women's participation as a positive step to broaden understanding about determining the start of the Hijriyah month, without being limited by gender factors. Supporting factors for women's participation in the Hilal rukyat process include a high level of education, increased gender awareness, women's leadership in religious communities, and an inclusive religious mindset. However, there are also inhibiting factors such as traditions and social norms, lack of awareness of women's rights, gender discrimination, and an imbalance of power between men and women in religious structures. The implication of this research is to further support women's participation in the Hilal rukyat process, such as increasing awareness and wider education regarding women's rights and the importance of gender inclusion in religious activities as well as supporting the development of women's leadership in religious communities by providing equal opportunities to participate. in decision making and important roles in the Hilal rukyat process.

Keywords: Women's Participation, Rukyat, Beginning of the Hijriyah Month

PERAN TABAYYUN FAJAR DALAM MEMINIMALKAN KESALAHAN PENETAPAN AWAL WAKTU SALAT SUBUH DI KELURAHAN PARANG TAMBUNG KOTA MAKASSAR

Eka Suci Rahmadani — 2025-07-17

The main issue addressed in this study is how to identify the causes of errors in the initial determination of the Fajr (Subuh) prayer time and the role of tabayyun (verification) in minimizing such errors in Parang Tambung Subdistrict, Makassar City. The research method used is field research employing a descriptive qualitative model. The research approaches applied include the shar‘i (Islamic legal), astronomical, and phenomenological approaches. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation from local religious figures and mosque administrators, as well as secondary sources such as relevant literature and documents. The data were then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that errors in determining the Fajr prayer time are caused by differences in calculation methods, particularly regarding the sun's depression angle, the lack of direct observation of the true dawn (fajr shadiq), and complete reliance on prayer time calendars without field verification. Tabayyun of the dawn plays a crucial role in correcting this issue through direct observation of the appearance of fajr shadiq. These findings suggest that the actual fajr shadiq observed in the field does not always align with the -20° standard used in calculation-based calendars. Therefore, the verification process through tabayyun is essential to ensure the accuracy of Fajr prayer time in accordance with Islamic teachings. The implication of this study is the importance of applying the principle of tabayyun as both a preventive and corrective measure in determining prayer times and as a reference for religious institutions in evaluating the current standards of Fajr prayer timing.

PERAN PENYULUH AGAMA TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT KAKI GUNUNG LOMPOBATTANG DALAM MENENTUKAN WAKTU SHALAT DAN ARAH KIBLAT

Ahmad Yani — 2025-07-17

The main issue in this study is the role of religious counselors in shaping the understanding of the community living at the foot of Mount Lompobattang in determining prayer times and the direction of the Qibla. This main issue is then elaborated into sub-questions, namely: How do religious counselors play a role in helping the community at the foot of Mount Lompobattang, Cikoro Sub-district, Gowa Regency, to understand how to determine prayer times and the direction of the Qibla? How does the community at the foot of Mount Lompobattang, Cikoro Sub-district, Gowa Regency, understand the determination of prayer times and the direction of the Qibla?. This study aims to understand the role of religious counselors in providing the community with knowledge about how to determine prayer times and the direction of the Qibla, and to examine how the community in Cikoro Subdistrict comprehends prayer times and the Qibla direction. The approach used in this research combines a normative theological (shar’i) and formal juridical approach, employing field research as the research type. Data collection methods include interviews, observation, and documentation. The data sources in this study are religious counselors and community members in Cikoro Subdistrict, Tompobulu District, Gowa Regency. The data processing techniques used in this research are data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that some people rely solely on applications or printed schedules without understanding the underlying principles, making them unable to verify independently. Moreover, there is a lack of regular programs or adequate learning media to convey falakiyah (astronomical) knowledge to the general public. This is due to the fact that religious counselors may not have fully maximized their educational role in conveying information about prayer times and qibla direction to the community. The implications of this research are the role and duties of religious counselors in providing understanding regarding the determination of prayer times and the direction of the Qibla are expected to enhance outreach and education for communities that still lack knowledge in these areas also through this written work, it is hoped that the public will gain a better understanding of and pay more attention to the correct procedures for performing prayers, including facing the Qibla properly and observing the correct prayer times.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN TELESKOP IOPTRON DENGAN KAMERA CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE (CCD) DALAM RUKYATUL HILAL; STUDI KASUS STASIUN GEOFISIKA GOWA

Nurinaya — 2025-07-17

Observation of the crescent moon is a crucial method in determining the beginning of the Hijri month. Along with the development of technology, the use of modern optical aids such as ioptron telescopes and CCD cameras has become a promising alternative to improve observation accuracy. The main problem in this study is how effective the use of ioptron telescopes and CCD cameras is in rukyatul hilal. The main problem is then formulated into several sub-problems or research questions, namely: what are the results of using ioptron telescopes with CCD cameras in rukyatul hilal, and what is the success rate of using ioptron telescopes and CCD cameras in rukyatul hilal. This study aims to examine and analyze the effectiveness of using modern technology in rukyatul hilal. This type of research is a type of field research while the nature of the data collected is quantitative descriptive with the research approaches used are: theological normative sharia, and astronomy. The data sources in this study are based on the results of observations and documentation analysis supported by document studies. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely: data collection, data processing, and data presentation. The results of the study show that first, the results of observations using a telescope combined with a CCD camera are able to record crescent images quite well in favorable weather conditions. Second, the use of telescopes and CCD cameras in rukyatul hilal quantitatively is relatively low, namely 21.4% of 28 observations that meet the criteria with a total of 41 observations from 2021 to 2024. The implications of this study are: 1) It is necessary to develop a more comprehensive crescent observation methodology. 2) An evaluation of the effectiveness of optical instruments in rukyatul hilal is needed.