TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP POLA PENGUPAHAN PADA PENGGARAPAN SAWAH
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini membahas tentang kegiatan penggarapan sawah di Desa Tellumpanua Kecamatan Tanete Rilau. Dalam proses kerja sama terdapat kemungkinan sistem bagi hasil dan akad yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan Hukum Islam yang berlaku. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dimana peneliti harus turun langsung ke lapangan dengan melakukan observasi dengan cara mewawancarai pemilik sawah dan penggarap sawah dengan pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah: empiris, yuridis dan syariah. Selanjutnya metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik pengelolaan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan 3 tahap yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tinjauan hukum islam tentang sistem bagi hasil penggarapan sawah adalah praktek bagi hasil yang sepenuhnya belum sesuai dengan konsep hukum islam, karena mengandung unsur gharar. Namun tidak sepenuhnya bertentangan dengan hukum Islam karena praktek yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Tellumpanua ini dilakukan atas dasar ridha sama ridha dan mengandung unsur tolong menolong. Pada saat melakukan akad bagi hasil penggarapan sawah sebaiknya menggunakan surat perjanjian yang tertulis serta menghadirkan saksi, agar dapat dijadikan bukti adanya perjanjian kerja sama bila suatu saat ada perselisihan. Dalam pelaksanaan bagi hasil penggarapan sawah sebaiknya memperhatikan untung rugi agar tidak menimbulkan masalah dikemudian hari, serta tidak memberatkan salah satu pihak.
Kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, Penggarapan Sawah, Pola Pengupahan
Abstract
This research discusses the activities of cultivating rice fields in Tellumpanua Village, Tanete Rilau District. In the process of cooperation, it is possible that the profit-sharing system and the contract used are not in accordance with applicable Islamic law. The research used is field research where researchers have to go directly to the field by making observations by interviewing rice field owners and rice field cultivators with research approaches carried out are: empirical, juridical and sharia. Furthermore, the data collection methods used were interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, data management and analysis techniques were carried out in 3 stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the theory of Islamic law regarding the profit sharing system for cultivating rice fields is a profit sharing practice that is fully in accordance with the concept of Islamic law, because it contains elements of gharar. However, it is not completely against Islamic law because the practice carried out by the Tellumpanua Village community is carried out on the basis of ridha sama ridha and contains not helping to help. At the time of making the contract for the results of cultivating rice fields, it is better to use a written agreement and present witnesses, so that it can be used as evidence of a cooperation agreement if one day there is an agreement. In the implementation of sharing the results of cultivating rice fields, it is better to pay attention to profit and loss so as not to cause problems in the future, and not to incriminate one of the parties.
Keywords: Cultivation of Rice Fields, Islamic Law, Wage Patterns
References
Buku:
Rohidin. Pengantar Hukum Islam dari Semenanjung Arabia sampai Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Lintang Rasi Aksara Books, 2016.
Manan, Abdul. Pembaruan Hukum Islam di Indonesia, Depok: Kencana, 2017.
Kementerian Agama RI; al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya.
Jurnal:
Shidiqie, Jannahar Saddam Ash. “Bagi Hasil Pertanian Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang dan Hukum Islam”, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2017).
Muin, Rahmawati. “Penerapan Bagi Hasil Pada Sistem Tesang (Akad Muzara’ah) Bagi Masyarakat Petani Padi di Desa Datara Kecamatan Tompobulu Kabupaten Gowa”, Iqtishaduna: Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, vol. 2 no. 1 (2016).
Ilyas, Musfika. “Memaknai Fashion dalam Hukum Islam”, Al-daulah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, vol. 5 no. 1 (Juli 2016).
Astuti L, dkk, “Implementasi Profit and Loss Sharing Berbasis Al-adl Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani Bawang Merah (Di Kecamatan Anggeraja Kabupaten Enrekang)”, At-Tawazun Jurnal Ekonomi Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar, vol. 1 no. 1 ( 2021)
Priyadi, Unggul dan Jannahar Saddam Ash Shidiqie, “Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Bagi Hasil Pertanian Lahan Sawah”, Millah 15, no. 1 (Agustus 2015)
Wawancara:
Wawancara dengan Pak Herman, Pemilik Lahan di Desa Tellumpanua Kecamatan Tanete Rilau Kabupaten Barru, Tanggal 17 Juli 2021.
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