ANALISIS BIOPOLITIK DAN KONTROL POPULASI PENDUDUK MELALUI PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Abstract
The population has increased dramatically in recent years, including in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Ironically, the large population is not supported by the quality of life. This problem makes the government strive to discipline the community in a nonviolent way through the Keluarga Berencana (KB) program. These efforts are manifested in the policy mechanism which links the health science and political social aspects (biopolitics). The effort to control the population is not only because of the health policy’s interest but also as a political-strategic policy. The purpose of this study is providing an analysis of Keluarga Berencana program as the strategy to overcome the health issues and as the implementation of biopolitics. This research uses quantitative methods using document-based literature studies and interviews. In Samarinda, the government has synergized policies and budgets at all level of government, in the form of activities and programs for the establishment of Keluarga Berencana village, decreased the fertility rate, increased number of contraceptive prevalence rate, cooperation and coordination with the Provincial BKKBN and the ministry of health, as well as increasing the quality and quantity of PLKB/PKB, involving Babinsa Koramil and providing free Keluarga Berencana program activities. These activities is an implementation of biopolitical policy to control the population. If there is an imbalance between the population and the burden and ability of the state, then the country will slowly go to the more complex social problems.
Downloads
References
Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. California: Stanford University Press, 1995.
Amalini, Melly Putri. “Strategi Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) dalam Meningkatkan Pengguna Program Keluarga Berencana di Kota Samarinda”. Skripsi. Samarinda: Fisip, Universitas Mulawarman, 2019.
Azhim, Rizma Afian & Gema Ramadhan. “Kebebasan Berserikat dan Keamanan Negara: Analisa Biopolitik Transformasi Kebebasan Serikat Buruh di Indonesia” dalam Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, Vol. IV, No. 1 (Mei 2018), h. 19-39.
Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: BPS - Statistik Indonesia, 2017.
Creswell, John. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: Sage Publications, 2013.
Dillon, Michael & Luis Lobo-Guerrero. “Biopolitics of Security in the 21st Century: An Introduction” dalam Review of International Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2008), h. 265–292.
Dwiyanti, Andi Amitya & M Najeri Al Syahrin. “Penerapan Developmental State Dalam Sektor Industri Kecil Menengah Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Bone” dalam Journal of Islamic World and Politics, Vol.2, No. 1 (2018), h. 205-227.
Elbe, Stefan. “AIDS, Security, Biopolitics” dalam International Relations, Vol 19, No. 4 (2005), h. 403-419.
Faisal, Andi. “Biopolitik dan Gerakan Literasi Komunikatif Kaum Muda” dalam Journal Communication Spectrum, Vol. 8, No. 1 (2018), h. 72-93.
Feng, Xiao-Tian & Dudley Poston Jr., Xiao-Tao Wang. “China's One-child Policy and the Changing Family” dalam Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 45, No. 1 (2014), h. 17-29.
Foucault, Michel. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France 1978-1979. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Garlick, Steve. “The Biopolitics of Masturbation: Masculinity, Complexity, and Security” dalam Body & Society, Vol. 20, No. 2 (2014), h. 44-67.
Hacker, Moore. Esensial Obstetri dan Ginekologi. Jakarta: Hiprocrates, 2001.
Hardt, Michael & Antonio Negri. Empire. London: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Hartanto. Keluarga Berencana dan Kontrasepsi. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2003..
Haryatmoko. “Kekuasaan Melahirkan Anti Kekuasaan: Menelanjangi Mekanisme dan Teknik Kekuasaan Bersama Foucault” dalam Basis, No. 1-2, Tahun 51 (2002), h. 8-21.
---------. “Michel Foucault dan Politik Kekuasaan: Membongkar Teknik, Mekanisme, dan Strategi Kekuasaan” dalam Materi Pelatihan Analisis Wacana Michel Foucault, UK2JT, FIB Unair, Surabaya, 1 Maret (2012).
Idrus, Muhammad. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Sosial. Yogyakarta: Erlangga, 2009.
Jupriono, D. & Yudhi Hari Wibowo, Linusia Marsi. “Teks Berita Konflik Pekerja PT Freeport Indonesia: Analisis Wacana Kritis Foucault” dalam Parafrase, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2013), h. 53-63.
Kamaludiningrat. Peran dan Tantangan Orangtua dalam Mendidik Anak Shaleh, Berakhlak dan Berkarakter di Era Globalisasi. Yogyakarta: Fapsedu DIY, 2004.
Knudsen, Lara. Reproductive Rights in a Global Context. Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006.
Lemke, Thomas. Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction. New York: New York University Press, 2001.
Macey, David. “Rethinking Biopolitics, Race and Power in the Wake of Foucault” dalam Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 26, No. 6 (2009), h. 186-205.
Maulina, Nurul. “Interaksi Pemerintah dan Masyarakat Dalam Implementasi Program Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk di Kota Surabaya: Kajian Biopolitik” dalam Jurnal Politik Muda, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2012), h. 147-157.
Michael Foucault. Society Must Be Defended. New York: Ficador, 2003.
Murray, Stuart J. “Affirming the Human? The Question of Biopolitics, Law, Culture and the Humanities” dalam Law, Culture and the Humanities, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2016), h. 485-495.
Neilson, Brett. “Ageing, Experience, Biopolitics: Life’s Unfolding” dalam Body & Society, Vol. 18, No. 3-4, (2012), h. 44–71.
Nilsson, Jacob & Sven-Olov Wallenstein (ed.). Foucault, Biopolitics and Governmentality. Stockholm: Huddinge, 2013.
Povinelly, Elizabeth & Mathew Coleman, Kathryn Yusoff. “An Interview with Elizabeth Povinelli: Geontopower, Biopolitics and the Anthropocene” dalam Theory Culture & Society, Vol. 34, No. 2–3 (2017), h. 169-185.
Puumeister, Ott & Andreas Ventsel. “Biopolitics Meets Biosemiotics: The Semiotic Thresholds of Anti-Aging Interventions” dalam Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 35, No. 1 (2018), h. 117-139.
Rohim, Sabrur. “Argumen Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) Dalam Islam” dalam Al Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'Ah dan Hukum, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2016), h. 147-170.
Schinkel, Willem. “From Zoepolitics to Biopolitics: Citizenship and the Construction of Society” dalam European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2010), h. 155–172.
Stenson, Kevin. “Sovereignty, Biopolitics and the Local Government of Crime in Britain” dalam Theoretical Criminology, Vol. 9, No. 3 (2005), h. 265-287.
Yu, Jiangxia & Jingwey Liu. “The New Biopolitics” dalam Journal of Academic Ethics, Vol. 7 (2009), h. 287–296.
Zhang, Junsen. “The Evolution of China's One-Child Policy and Its Effects on Family Outcomes” dalam Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 1 (2017), h. 141-160.
Website
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Samarinda. “Jumlah Penduduk dan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk Menurut Kecamatan di Kota Samarinda 2010-2015” dalam https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/statictable/2016/10/19/13/jumlah-penduduk-dan-lajupertumbuhan-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-di-kota-samarinda-2010-2014-dan-2015.html. diakses 11 Agustus 2020.
Bontang Prokal. “Gemakan Pentingnya Program KB di Kalimantan Timur, BKKBN Gandeng Berbagai Stakeholder” dalam https://bontang.prokal.co/read /news/17437-gemakan-pentingnya-program-kb-di-Kalimantan Timur-bkkbn-gandeng-berbagai-stakeholde r.html diakses 14 Agustus 2020.
Chandraningrum. “Kelas Filsafat Feminisme: Biopolitik Michel Foucault” dalam https://kesolo.com/kelas-filsafat-feminisme-biopolitik-michel-foucault/ diakses 15 Agustus 2020.
Humas Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. “Kesertaan KB Kalimantan Timur Diatas CPR Nasional” dalam https://Kalimantan Timurprov.go.id/berita/kesertaan-kb-Kalimantan Timur-diatas-cpr-nasional-2. diakses 23 Agustus 2020.
IPKB Kalimantan Timur. “DPPKB Samarinda Lakukan Pelayanan KB Gratis” dalam https://www. ipkbKalimantan Timur.com/dppkb-samarinda-lakukan-pelayanan-kb-gratis.html diakses 19 Agustus 2020.
Linda. “Wawali Resmikan Kampung KB ke-48” dalam https://samarinda.prokal. co/read/news /17768-wawali-resmikan-kampung-kb-ke-48.html diakses 14 Agustus 2020.
Mulawarman, Kodam. “Pelibatan Babinsa Sangat Diperlukan Dalam Program KB. Kodam Mulawarman” dalam https://www.kodam-mulawarman.mil.id/web/ pelibatan-babinsa-sangat-diperlukan-dalam-program-kb/ diakses 14 Agustus 2020.
Pitaloka, Dyah & Yulius Hendri. “Love Under Surveillance: Indonesia's 'Medicalization' of Marriage” dalam https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia /2018/02/28/love-under-surveillance-indonesias-medicalization-of-marriage. html diakses 14 Agustus 2020.
Poerba, Johanna. “Dewi Candraningrum: Ada Reduksi dalam Mitos Narasi Agung Ibu” dalam https://www.jurnalperempuan.org/warta-feminis/dewi-candraningrum-ada-reduksi-dalam-mitos-narasi-agung-ibu diakses 28 Agustus 2020.
Purdi, Jedediah. “The New Biopolitics” dalam https://democracyjournal. org/magazine /1/the-new-biopolitics/ diakses 23 Agustus 2020.
Sumarsono. “253 Kampung KB sudah Berdiri di Kalimantan Timur, Program KKBPK Perlu Komitmen stakeholder” dalam https://Kalimantan Timur.tribunnews. com/2019/08/08/253-kampung-kb-sudah-berdiri-di-Kalimantan Timur-program-kkbpk-perlu-komitmen-stakehol der. diakses 26 Agustus 2020.
United Nations. “World Population Projected to Reach 9.7 billion by 2050” dalam http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/2015-report.html diakses 19 Agustus 2020.
Wawancara
SI, Staff BKKBN Kalimantan Timur, wawancara, 1 November 2019.