The Harmonizing the Hijri Calendar

A Comparative Insight of Indonesia's Imkān al-Ru’yah Crescent Visibility Criteria with Malaysia and Saudi Arabia

  • Mursyid Fikri Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
    (ID)
  • Muh Fauzi Anas Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia
    (SA)
  • Arjuna Hiqma Lubis Jabatan Mukti Sarawak Malaysia, Malaysia
    (MY)
  • Indriana Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Indonesia
    (ID)
Keywords: Hijri Month Determination, Imkān al-Ru’yah Criteria, Islamic Calendar, Islamic Law, Visibility Criteria Comparative

Abstract

The determination of the beginning of Hijri months in Indonesia reflects significant diversity, particularly in the methods adopted by different Muslim organizations. This study aims to examine the potential conflicts arising from the implementation of the new Imkān al-Ru’yah criteria in Indonesia and to compare them with the criteria used in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and literature analysis. The collected data is analyzed through content analysis to understand the underlying factors contributing to the differences in Hijri month determination. The findings indicate that the new Imkān al-Ru’yah criteria have intensified long-standing disputes due to variations in crescent visibility in the eastern hemisphere. Key discrepancies arise from differences in hisab criteria, interpretations of Islamic legal principles regarding Ulil Amri, and the symbolic meaning of the crescent moon. The study also reveals that Muhammadiyah’s KHGT criteria align with those of Saudi Arabia, whereas the new Mabims criteria differ from those of Saudi Arabia. This study provides a comparative analysis of Hijri month determination criteria across multiple countries, highlighting the underlying theological and astronomical factors that shape different methodologies. The research offers insights into the complexities of Hijri calendar determination in Indonesia and contributes to discussions on standardizing crescent sighting criteria. The findings may serve as a basis for fostering greater alignment among Islamic organizations and regional authorities.

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Published
2025-03-26
How to Cite
Fikri, M., Anas, M. F., Lubis, A. H., & Indriana. (2025). The Harmonizing the Hijri Calendar: A Comparative Insight of Indonesia’s Imkān al-Ru’yah Crescent Visibility Criteria with Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab, 38-56. https://doi.org/10.24252/mazahibuna.vi.51264
Section
Articles
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