ANALISIS FORMAL FASAD ARSITEKTUR RUMAH TINGGAL ORANG TORAJA DI KOTA PALOPO
Abstract
Abstrak_Penelitian ini mengkaji fasad arsitektur rumah tinggal masyarakat Toraja yang ada di Kota Palopo. Arsitektur yang bersifat tradisi cenderung dinamis. Dari waktu ke waktu cenderung mengalami perubahan, serta dari tempat satu ke tempat lain cenderung mengalami adaptasi. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma rasionalistik. Hasil menunjukkan kondisi dan keadaan lingkungan yang berbeda antara Palopo dan Toraja berpengaruh pada perwujudan dan transfromasi bentuk sehingga terjadi perubahan aspek fisik. Berdasarkan analisis dengan parameter teori proporsional garis simetri dan golden section menyimpulkan bahwa ukuran bangunan rumah tinggal berbentuk tongkonan mendekati proporsional golden section. Hirarki fungsi pada pembagian ruang atas, ruang tengah dan ruang bawah tidak diterapkan secara jelas oleh masyarakat suku toraja yang ada di Palopo. Kebutuhan fungsional pada tata ruang rumah menjadikan penggunaan hirarki ruang vertikal berubah fungsinya. Semua elemen atapnya tidak ditopang oleh tulak somba. Kesimpulan secara keseluruhan objek penelitian bahwa bentuk arsitektur tradisional di Palopo bersifat proporsi, metaforis dan monumental.
Kata kunci: Rumah Tinggal; Proporsi; Golden Section; Fasad.
Abstract_This study examined the architectural of residential facades of the Toraja community in Palopo City. Traditional architecture tends to be dynamic. From time to time it tends to change. And from one place to another tends to adapt. This study applied a qualitative research method with rationalistic paradigms. The results showed that different environmental conditions between Palopo and Toraja affect the manifestation and transformation of forms so that there are changes in physical aspects. Based on the analysis with the theory parameter of symmetry line proportional and the golden section concludes the size of the house building in the form of a tongkonan approaching the proportional golden section. The hierarchy of functions in the division of upper space, the middle room, and lower space is not applied by the Toraja tribe community in Palopo. Functional requirements in the spatial layout of the house make use of the vertical space hierarchy change its function. All elements of the roof are not supported by tulak somba. The overall conclusion of the research object on traditional architectural forms in Palopo is proportional, metaphorical and monumental.
Keywords: Dwelling house; Proportion; Golden section; Facade.
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