Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture

Evaluasi Fungsional dan Kenyamanan Ruang Toilet dan Tempat Wudhu Masjid Kampus di Kota Pontianak

Muhammad Nurhamsyah — 2024-12-01

The Campus Mosque is a worship facility for Muslims, which accommodates all kinds of worship activities in the campus environment. In general, the mosque is used as a place to worship, for religious activities such as grand tabling, recitation, and lectures, and a place to stop for travelers and others. The existence of the Campus Mosque is inseparable from its supporting facilities for the convenience and continuity of the congregation in worship, one of which is the toilet room facility and the ablution area. These two facilities are always kept clean and comfortable, making it easier for the congregation to wash and clean themselves before worship. This study aims to evaluate the functional and behavioral aspects of using toilet room facilities and ablution places. It can provide recommendations for evaluation results and design solutions for toilet rooms and ablution places that are healthy and comfortable according to Islamic law. This research was conducted on three objects: toilet room facilities and ablution places at the Al Muhtadin UNTAN Campus Mosque, Al Hadid POLNEP Mosque, and Al Baroqah IKIP Pontianak Mosque. The research method used is Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) with an investigative level, carried out by observing field data collection, observing behavior by means of a place center map, and distributing questionnaires by random sampling. Then, the data is processed using qualitative analysis by describing the results of the questionnaire that was obtained. The results of the study show that from the functional evaluation, there are non-standard dimensions of the toilet room, access to circulation from the toilet, and integrated ablution place. Comfort from the behavioral aspect based on observation, there is a tendency for users to choose access that is closer to the toilet room and the place of ablution. Based on respondents, the level of comfort, convenience, and security also focuses on supporting physical elements, zones between toilet rooms and ablutions that are comfortable and safe to access, and flexible movement between users. The conclusion matrix of the evaluation results is used as the basis for providing solutions and recommendations for the spatial layout of toilets and ablution places that are representative by taking into account aspects of shariah and function feasibility.

Studi Kebutuhan Fasilitas Ruang Sentra Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Skala Kecil Berbasis Aktivitas Online

Ghulandito Wijanarko — 2024-12-02

Today's massive technological developments have an impact on every aspect of life. The use of technology also has a significant outcome on the business world. The emergence of new business models, such as e-Commerce, illustrates this new business phenomenon. The emergence of e-Commerce in Indonesia provides opportunities for MSMEs to develop and transform their business models into online sales. Despite conducting online marketing, MSMEs have indicated the necessity of infrastructure to facilitate their business activities. This phenomenon created an idea for designing an MSME center that focuses on the business activities of online MSME players. This paper aims to determine the facility needs required by online MSMEs. The research method used is quantitative by collecting data from questionnaire and literature studies and then analyzing these data. This paper reveals that online MSMEs need access to, online marketing space with minimum of 29m², online warehouse facilities with minimum of 26m², and banking services to support their business goals.

Kenyamanan Termal pada Bangunan Berventilasi Alami di Iklim Tropis

Muhammad Iqbal — 2024-11-28

Energy consumption in buildings plays a crucial role in determining efficiency and environmental impact. Natural ventilation offers a solution to reduce energy consumption by utilizing outdoor airflow to enhance thermal comfort without significant energy use. This study examines the effects of weather conditions, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on the thermal comfort of occupants in naturally ventilated buildings with single-sided openings. Data were collected through measurements of indoor and outdoor weather conditions over 21 days and a perception survey involving 138 respondents, using randomly selected questionnaires. The results indicate that indoor temperature is highly influenced by incoming wind flow, with a strong correlation between outdoor relative humidity and indoor temperature (R = 0.90). A majority of respondents (90.58%) expressed a preference for cooler indoor conditions, indicating discomfort within the building. The study also found consistency in user thermal comfort preferences based on the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV) scales. Recommendations include further investigations into variations in window size, window orientation, and the impact of solar radiation to improve indoor temperature and humidity control, enhancing thermal comfort for building occupants.

Integrasi Sistem Fotovoltaik Dalam Rancangan Bangunan Bertingkat Rendah Guna Meningkatkan Kinerja Energi

Qurrotul A'yun — 2024-12-02

The significant problem of greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector, contributes more than a third of global emissions and around 40% of world energy consumption. One solution offered to overcome this problem is the integration of photovoltaic systems in building design. Photovoltaic technology allows the conversion of solar energy into electricity, thereby reducing dependence on non-renewable energy and minimizing CO₂ emissions. This study was conducted using an experimental method, in the form of direct testing, to assess the performance of a monocrystalline photovoltaic system, which was integrated into buildings with various orientations and tilt angles. The research was conducted in Surabaya, as one of the cities with high intensity of sunlight in a tropical climate area, by testing photovoltaic panels installed in five positions, namely on the roof, and the facades on the north, east, south, and west sides. Data were collected by measuring voltage, current, power, temperature, and sunlight intensity during the irradiation period between 07.00 and 17.00 WIB. The main variables tested were irradiation time, orientation of the direction of the face, and the tilt angle of the panel. The results showed that the roof position and the north facade are the most optimal for photovoltaic operation, with the highest power production of around 120 Watts for the roof position and 110 Watts for the north facade. The east side produces optimal power in the morning, while the west side is more efficient in the afternoon. The slope angles of 30° and 45° proved to be the most effective for producing maximum power. The aesthetic integration of the facade with a slope of 60° is also considered to provide good visual value for the building. This study provides specific recommendations regarding the optimal orientation, operating time, and slope angle configuration to maximize the energy performance of the photovoltaic system in tropical building designs.

Pengaruh Sirkulasi di Area Wudhu Putri Terhadap Privasi Penggunanya

Faiqoh Roshwah Salsabila — 2024-12-02

High privacy is essential in women's ablution areas. This is because women must remove or lower their headscarves slightly during ablution. There are five implementation options for achieving privacy, one of which is spatial arrangement and access. Circulation is needed as a connecting access between spaces. Good circulation requires clear signage. There are many opinions regarding the comfort of circulation in mosques that require gender-based area separation, but deviations are still found in implementation. This study aims to find out how circulation affects the privacy comfort of users in women's ablution areas. Therefore, this study uses a descriptive quantitative method using questionnaires filled out by at least 30 female respondents at each research object. The data obtained is then described and compared with existing theories. The results found that the circulation flow affects the privacy comfort of users in women's ablution areas, including signage facilities as a supporter of the existence of the circulation flow. Signage and the design of room dividers that separate between male and female areas have a significant impact on the privacy comfort of users of the women's ablution area. Clear signage will create good circulation and make user privacy more secure. Therefore, it is important for designers to pay attention to the separation of areas between men and women.

Karakteristik Ruang Kampung Melayu di Pontianak

Zairin Zain — 2024-12-12

The use of spatial organization in Malay villages, especially the Bangka Belitung village settlements in Pontianak city, indirectly creates space in areas that are used as settlements. The background to the formation of the Bangka Belitung village is a form of moving from a place, recognizing that the area belongs to it, followed by daily activities and other people's views on the area. People choose a place to live according to their living needs, such as the people of Bangka Belitung village who choose to live on the banks of the Kapuas river to take advantage of the various functions of the river which is often used as a characteristic of the Malay nation. The togetherness of people who socialize in one place makes spaces a place to support their needs. This is what forms the character of a residential area. This research aims to determine the character of the space formed in Bangka Belitung village, Pontianak city. Any data obtained uses literature methods and information mining on the internet. Apart from that, observing the area to take pictures is a necessity in analyzing the character of the area's residential space. Then it is processed using qualitative descriptive methods to describe, explain and answer the problems of a research. From the research results, it was found that Bangka Belitung Village has good territory/boundaries administratively and in terms of character interactions, diverse spatial forms, and is oriented towards roads and rivers.

Desain dan Orientasi Arah Hadap Rumah Tradisional Malind Anim dalam Konteks Perubahan Iklim

Henry Soleman Raubaba — 2024-12-13

Climate change has placed significant pressure on the sustainability of traditional architecture, including the traditional Malind Anim houses in Merauke, South Papua. These houses, historically designed to adapt to the local climate, now face new challenges due to changes in temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather. This study aims to analyze the design and orientation of traditional Malind Anim houses in Kampung Wambi, Kampung Waan, and Kampung Toray in facing climate change. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation and literature studies. This study found that the design of traditional Malind Anim houses that adopt certain orientations has the ability to reduce the impact of high temperatures and improve air circulation, thereby providing better thermal comfort for its inhabitants. Design elements such as the use of environmentally friendly local materials, effective cross-ventilation, and roofs designed to reduce heat significantly contribute to climate change adaptation. Additionally, this study also identifies that the local wisdom practices applied in the construction of these houses can serve as models for other regions facing similar climate challenges.

Fenomena Alih Fungsi Ruang Terbuka dan Trotoar oleh Pedagang Kaki Lima

Anisah Nur Fajarwati — 2024-12-23

The obstacle for pedestrians to carry out walking activities safely and comfortably on the sidewalk is something ironic. The artificial environment should be created to be able to carry out its functions and fulfill the rights of its users. Most of the conditions currently occurring are that the sidewalks are becoming narrower due to the presence of street vendors (PKL). This will continue to be a phenomenon and will always repeat itself because the existence of pedestrian paths cannot be separated from the existence of street vendors. This study aims to determine the phenomenon of conversion of open spaces and sidewalks by street vendors in the Gunung Klotok Forest Tourism Area. This research is qualitative research with descriptive and explanatory methods. The case study in this research is located in Kediri, especially the Mount Klotok Tourism Area. The results of this research conclude that the phenomenon of conversion of functions by the informal sector, both legal and illegal, can be observed in the Wana Wisata Gunung Klotok area. The lack of local government policy to organize areas, especially the informal sector, has resulted in many locations or places being converted to street vendors. Attention is needed from the management so that they can overcome the damage to the sidewalk which was originally planned as a pedestrian route but was displaced by selling activities. Another impact that arises from the conversion and change of location by illegal street vendors is that it appears that rubbish spots in the area have increased

Aplikasi Konsep Desain Pencahayaan Berbasis Eksistansi Permukaan Ruang Rata-rata pada Kasus Kamar Tamu Premium Hotel

Rizki Armanto Mangkuto — 2024-12-09

The current interior lighting design concept has adopted the concept of mean room surface exitance (MRSE), which is important to the emphasize on the perceptual brightness or ambient illuminance of the space as a whole, instead of using the workplane illuminance parameter, which is often inefficient in terms of energy use. An application of lighting design that requires specific attention is hotel guestrooms, which shall provide comfort and aesthetics, and shall accomodate various visual activities of the occupants. The purpose of this study is to apply the concept of MRSE-based electric lighting design to the case of a premium hotel guestroom, to improve visual comfort and energy efficiency. The implemented method is determining the target/ambient illuminance ratio (TAIR) for each object in the room, determining the amount of luminous flux that must be provided, and determining the MRSE and TAIR values from the lighting simulations using DIALux evo software in various scenarios, namely in the (1) bathroom, (2) main (bed)room for reading and writing, (3) main room for sleeping, and (4) main room for reading prior to sleeping. Initial design calculation indicates MRSE values of 100 lm/m² in Scenario 1, 100 lm/m² in Scenario 2, 30 lm/m² in Scenario 3, and 30 lm/m² in Scenario 4. The simulation results show that the MRSE value from the modeling is found to be 147.5 lm/m² 1, 109.5 lm/m², 30.2 lm/m², and 32.5 lm/m² in each scenario, in relatively close agreement with the initial design calculations, satisying the visual comfort target and increasing the efficiency of electric lighting energy use. This study contribute in demonstrating the interior lighting design concept that can be correlated with the perceptual brightness of the occupants, as well as with the energy efficiency improvement.