ALTERNATIF BAGI PENGUATAN DEMOKRASI: PENGALAMAN MEKANISME ANGGARAN PARTISIPATIF (PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING) DI KOTA PORTO ALEGRE, BRAZIL
Abstract
As a form of government in which the people who are sovereign and in power to determine their lives, democracy not only provides a breath of fresh openness and freedom but also promises a million hopes for a prosperous people's life. However, in line with the history of mankind, the government system that is predicted to be the best model of government from the worst, are also not free from problems, criticisms and crises that occur in it. The sovereignty of the people which has become the spirit of democracy has been eroded by the problem of the crisis of representation and direct involvement of the people in policy making. Democracy as a model of government reaps a crisis of public confidence which starts to regard this government system as an illusion of prosperity and justice. Interestingly, in the midst of the storm of problems that have plagued the democratic governance system in the present era, a breath of a new fresh air has emerged for the continuity of the sovereignty-based government system. In the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, which is one of the main countries in the Latin American region, alternatives for strengthening participatory democracy have emerged through a model of governance based on Participatory Budgeting. "The implementation of this Participatory Budgeting has turned out to be able to restore the vital role of the people in policy making while at the same time improving the model of modern democratic governance which is increasingly hit by a crisis of trust and legitimacy from the people of today."
Keywords: Democracy, crisis of representation, alternative democracy, participatory budgeting
Downloads
References
Adian, D. G. (2010). Demokrasi Sebstansial : Risalah Kebangkrutan Liberalisme . Depok : Koekoesan.
Andreas Novy, B. L. (2005). Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre : Social Innovation and The Dialectical of State and Civil Society. Journal of Urban Studies, Volume 42, Nomor 11, 2023-2036.
Bruce, I. (2004). The Porto Alegre Alternative : Direct Democracy in Action . London: Pluto Press.
Farihah, L, Sri Wahyuni, D. “Demokrasi Deliberatif Dalam Proses Pembentukan Undang-Undang di Indonesia: Penerapan dan Tantangan ke Depan”. Makalah Ilmiah Lembaga Kajian dan Adovaksi untuk Independesi Peradilan, tidak diterbitkan.
Henk Schulte Nordholt, G. V. (2007). Politik Lokal di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Heywood, A. (2004). Political Theory : An Introduction, Third Edition . New York : Palgrave McMilan.
Irahola, D. L. (2005). Popular Participation, Decentralization, and Local Power Relation in Bolivia . Gottingen : Cuvillier Verlag Press.
Koonings, K. (2004). Strengthening Citizenship in Brazil's Democracy : Local Participatory Governance in Porto Alegre. Bulletin of Latin America Research, Volume 23, Nomor 1, 79-99.
Marion Gret, Y. S. (2005). The Porto Alegre Experiment : Learning Lessons for Better Democracy. London: Zed Books.
Lewis, J, Ritchie, J. (2003). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide For Social Sciences Students and Researcher
London: Zed Books
Nun, J. (2003). Democracy ; Government of The Pepople or Government of The Politician. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Patrick, H. (2011, September 1-4). Participation, Democracy, and Development : Some Comparative Lesson from Brazil, India, and South Africa. Participatory Governance : Reshaping Democracy, Economic Security, and Social Justice, p. 12.
Pratikno. (2007). Calon Independen, Kualitas Pilkada, dan Pelembagaan Parpol. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Volume 10, Nomor 3, 415-438.
Santos, B. d. (1998). Participatory Bedgeting in Porto Alegre : Toward a Redistributive Democracy . Journal Politics & Society, Volume 26, Nomor 4, 461-510.
Triwibowo, D. (2009). Melembagakan Partisipasi dala Desentralisasi : Pengalaman Anggaran Partisipatif di Kota Porto Alegre, dan Kota-Kota di Brazil. In N. I. Darmawan Triwibowo, Meretas Arah Kebijakan Sosial Baru di Indonesia, Lebih dari Sekedar Pengurungan Kemiskinan (p. 288). Jakarta: LP3ES.
Zed, M. (2004). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan, Jakarta:Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
