Penerapan Asas Otonomi Para Pihak dalam Arbitrase
Abstrak
Penerapan hukum baik hukum materiil maupun hukum formil sepatutnya bersifat imperatif, namun dalam arbitrase terdapat konsep bahwa hukum materiil dan hukum acara yang bersifat imperatif di negara tempat arbitrase diadakan atau di negara tempat putusan arbtirase dilaksanakan dapat ditiadakan atau dikesampingkan dengan kesepakatan para pihak yang dikenal sebagai asas otonomi para pihak (party autonomy). Asas party autonomy diartikan sebagai kebebasan para pihak untuk menentukan hukum materiil dan hukum acara yang dipergunakan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa arbitrase yang terjadi di antara mereka sesuai dengan kesepakatan dalam perjanjian arbitrase. Namun, perbuatan mengenyampingkan hukum yang bersifat imperatif dapat mengakibatkan masalah di kemudian hari pada saat putusan arbitrase akan dilaksankan. Karenanya, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis asas otonomi para pihak berdasarkan New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (Konvensi New York 1958), UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (Amandemen yang diadopsi pada tahun 2006), Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUH.Perdata), Reglement op de Rechtsvordering, Staatsblad (Rv), Het Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR), Rechtsreglement Buitengewesten (Rbg), serta Principle on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contract, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian membuktikan asas otonomi para pihak (party autonomy) dibatasi penerapannya dengan pembatasan-pembatasan yang ditetapkan dalam ketentuan hukum terkait arbitrase dari hukum negara tempat arbitrase diadakan atau hukum negara di tempat putusan arbitrase dilaksanakan (limited party autonomy).
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