Analysis of Total Phenol Levels in Moringa Extract (Moringa Oliefera Lamk.) in Vegetable Oil

  • Rif'atul Mahmudah UIN Maulana Mallik Ibrahim Malang
    (ID)
  • Muslimah UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim
    (ID)
  • Eny Yulianti UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim
    (ID)
Keywords: herbal oil, moringa leaf, extra virgin olive oil, extra coconut oil, hot maseration

Abstract

Vegetable oil extract moringa leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) is an herbal oil that has the potential as a medicine. The study aimed to determine the content of secondary metabolites through photochemical tests and the total phenol content of Moringa leaf extract in extra virgin olive oil and virgin coconut oil. The extraction method used is hot maceration with various doses of Moringa leaves. The best amount is used by extraction with variations in temperature and heating time. The functional groups of herbal oils were identified using an FTIR spectrophotometer. Phytochemical test results showed that the vegetable oil extract of Moringa leaf contains secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and tannins. The highest total phenol content in Moringa leaf extract in virgin olive oil at a concentration of 40%, extraction temperature 50°C with a heating time of 2 hours with a total phenol content value of 15.78% GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent). The results of the FTIR interpretation show that herbal oils have O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O, and aliphatic C-H functional groups.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aburjai, T., & Natsheh, FM. 2003. Plants Used in Cosmetics. Phytotherapy Research, 17 (9), 987–1000. https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1363

Ali, A., Akhtar, N., Shoaib Khan, M., Rasool, F., Iqbal, FM, Khan, MT, Din, MU, & Elahi, E. 2013. Moisturizing effect of cream containing Moringa oleifera (Sohajana) leaf extract by biophysical techniques: In vivo evaluation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research , 7 (8), 386–391. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR012.504

Almeida, IF, Valentão, P., Andrade, PB, Seabra, RM, Pereira, TM, Amaral, MH, Costa, PC, Fernanda Bahia, M., & Bahia, MF. 2008. In vivo Skin Irritation Potential of a Castanea sativa (Chestnut) Leaf Extract, a Putative Natural Antioxidant for Topical Application. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 103 , 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00301.x

Aulia, I., Mu'awanah, U., Setiaji, B., & Syoufian, A. 2014. Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Concentration on Cosmetic Emulsion Stability and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) The Concentration Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on Stability of Emulsion Cosmetic and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Value. Berkala MIPA. 24 (1), 1–11.

Badiu, D., & Rajendram, R. 2021. Effects of olive oil on the skin. Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819528-4.00032-8

Baldisserotto, A., Buso P., Radice M., Dissette V., Lampronti, I., Gambari, R., Manfredini S., and Vertuani S. 2018. Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts as Multifunctional Ingredients for “Natural and Organic” Sunscreens and Photoprotective Preparations. Molecules. 23(3): 664

Daǧdelen, A. 2016. Identifying Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Phenolic Extracts and Mineral Contents of Virgin Olive Oils (Olea europaea L. cv. Edinsik Su) from Different Regions in Turkey. Journal of Chemistry, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9589763

Danby, SG, Alenezi, T., Sultan, A., Lavender, T., Chittock, J., Brown, K., & Cork, MJ 2013. Effect of Olive and Sunflower Seed Oil on the Adult Skin Barrier: Implications for Neonatal Skin Care. Pediatric Dermatolog, 30 (1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1525-1470.2012.01865.X

Dc, W., & Sio, S. 2021. Immunomodulatory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in Wistar Rats Infected with Staphylococcus aureus . https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v26i1.2670

Istiqomah. 2013. Comparison of Maceration and Soxhletation Extraction Methods on Piperine Levels of Javanese Chili (Piperis retrofracti fructus). In International Journal of Immunopharmacology (Vol. 13, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(91)90052-9

Juliantari, NPD, LP Wrasiati and NM Wartini. 2018. Characteristics of robusta ground coffee (Coffea canephora) extract in the treatment of ethanol solvent concentration and maceration temperature. Journal of Agroindustry Management Engineering. 6(3) : 243-249

Karoui, IJ; Msaada, K.; Abderrabba, M.; Marzouk, B. 2016. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of thyme-enriched refined corn oil. J. Agric. sci. Technol ., 18, 79–91

Li, Y.; Fabiano-Tixier; Tomao, V.; Cravotto, G.; Chemat, F. 2013. Green ultrasound assisted extraction of carotenoids based on the bio-refinery concept using sunflower oil as an alternative solvent. Ultrasound. Sonochem. 2013 , 20 , 12–18

Li, Y.; Fabiano-Tixier; Save, F. 2017. Vegetable oils as alternative solvents for green extraction of natural products. In Edible Oils: Extraction, Processing, and Applications. Save, S., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA; pp. 205–222

Manguro, LOA, & Lemmen, P. 2011. Phenolics of Moringa oleifera leaves. http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/14786410601035811, 21 (1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410601035811

Melo, V., Vargas, N., Quirino, T., & Calvo, CMC 2013. Moringa Oleifera L. An Underutilized Tree With Macronutrients For Human Health. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25 (10), 785–789. https://doi.org/10.9755/EJFA.V25I10.17003

Miftah, HJ. 2020. The Effect of the Content of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa Oleifera L.) on the Number of Macrophages in the Post-Tooth Extraction Wound Healing Process of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus): Narrative Review.

Mikaili, P., Shayegh, J., Sarahroodi, S., & Sharifi, M. 2012. Pharmacological properties of herbal oil extracts used in Iranian traditional medicine. Advances in Environmental Biology , 6 (1), 153–158.

MP, Maherben. 2018. Extraction of virgin coconut oil from the Testa free Albuminous endosperm through yeast mediated aqueous fermentation system: Fourier transform-Infrared Spectra (FT-IR). International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 6 (3), 1620–1627. https://doi.org/10.22214/IJRASET.2018.3250.

Moyo. 2012. Antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (11), 2797–2802. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.686.

Muzzalupo, I., Macchione, B., Bucci, C., Stefanizzi, F., Perri, E., Chiappetta, A., Tagarelli, A., & Sindona, G. 2012. LOX Gene Transcript Accumulation in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Fruits at Different Stages of Maturation: Relationship between Volatile Compounds, Environmental Factors, and Technological Treatments for Oil Extraction. The Scientific WorldJournal . https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/532179

Nweze, N., Onyekwere, K., Felix, NI. 2014. Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Composition of Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS). Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. VI , pp. 99-103.

Pranata, D., Ardiningsih, P., Rahmalia, W., Nurlina, N., & Syahbanu, I. 2021. Pure Coconut Oil Extraction by Stirring and Cold Pressed Method. Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 3 (2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.26418/INDONESIAN.V3I2.46349

Sandeep, G., Anitha, T., Vijayalatha, KR. Sadasakthi, A. 2019. Moringa for nutritional security (Moringa oleifera Lam.). International Journal of Botany Studies. Volumes 4; Issue 1; January 2019; Pages 21-24

Singh, U., Dwivedi, C., Kulsum, U., Verma, N., Saraf, S, Pradhan, DK. 2017. Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera: an overview. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 7(6) :104-116

Taher, Mohammad Abu, Abu, Mohammad, Ahammed, Monir, Hossain, Mobarak and Islam, Mohammad Nazrul. 2017. Review Moringa oleifera (Shajna): The Wonderful Indigenous Medicinal plant. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

Tekle, W., NP Sahu, and M. Makesh. 2015. Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Moringa oleifera: an in vitro Evaluation. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 5 (5): 1 – 12

Vissers, MN, Zock, PL, & Katan, MB. 2004. Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of olive oil phenols in humans: A review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 58 (6), 955–965. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601917

Yara-Varón, E., Li, Y., Balcells, M., Canela-Garayoa, R., Fabiano-Tixier, & Chemat, F. 2017. Vegetable oils as alternative solvents for green oleo-extraction, purification and formulation of food and natural products. Molecules, 22 (9), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091474

Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
Mahmudah, R., Muslimah, & Yulianti, E. (2023). Analysis of Total Phenol Levels in Moringa Extract (Moringa Oliefera Lamk.) in Vegetable Oil. Al-Kimia, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimia.v11i1.32781
Section
Article
Abstract viewed = 453 times