CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF MICROTRANSACTION ‘GACHA’
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW AND NATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Abstract
Microtransactions are a type of small-scale financial transaction conducted online. With the advent of the internet, trading transactions no longer require direct interaction between the seller and the buyer, as everything is done through online platforms. One form of microtransaction found in games is gacha. The issue of microtransaction gacha arises due to their inherent gambling elements. However, there is a loophole in current criminal law in Indonesia where no specific regulation governs this issue. This research aims to compare the differences in the legal regulation of microtransaction gacha between national criminal law and Islamic criminal law. The research methodology employed is a comparative method with a literature review approach. The findings of this research indicate that there is no specific regulation in national criminal law that categorizes microtransaction gacha as prohibited acts under the law, whereas, in Islamic criminal law, microtransaction gacha fulfill the elements of gambling and are therefore considered haram (forbidden). Therefore it is important to establish a framework of criminal law that regulates gacha systems to minimize the impacts caused by microtransaction gacha.
References
Books:
Marlina, Andi. Hukum Pidana Indoensia. CV. Pena Persada, 2019.
Luki Nugroho, Lc. “Judi Terselubung,” 2019.
Legislation:
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang KUHP.
Journals:
Abi Rafdi, Muhammad, Sri Soedewi, and Idhar Resmadi. “Perancangan Motion Graphic Mengenai Bahaya Sistem Gacha Dalam Game Online Bagi Anak Remaja Di Kota Jakarta.” EProceedings of Art & Design 9, no. 5 (2022).
Chen, Canhui, and Zhixuan Fang. “Gacha Game Analysis and Design.” Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–45.
Farahiya, Izzah. “Tinjauan Kriminologi Terhadap Peningkatan Tindak Pidana Judi Online.” UIN Ar-Raniry, 2023.
Febriandika, Nur Rizqi, Nurkholis Majid, and Rahul Kumar. “Review of Islamic Law on Microtransaction Contracts in the Gacha System.” Borobudur Law Review 4, no. 2 (2022): 86–98.
Gibson, Erin, Mark D Griffiths, Filipa Calado, and Andrew Harris. “The Relationship between Videogame Micro-Transactions and Problem Gaming and Gambling: A Systematic Review.” Computers in Human Behavior 131 (2022): 107219.
Izza, Diana, and Siti Fatimatus Zahro. “Transaksi Terlarang Dalam Ekonomi Syariah.” KEADABAN 3, no. 1 (2021): 26–35.
Kadafi, Rudi. “Al-Maisir Dalam Al-Qur’an Studi Analisis Makna Qs. Al-Maidah: 90.” UInScof 1, no. 1 (2023): 332–45.
King, Anthony, Gloria Wong-Padoongpatt, Aldo Barrita, Danny Tran Phung, and Ting Tong. “Risk Factors of Problem Gaming and Gambling in US Emerging Adult Non-Students: The Role of Loot Boxes, Microtransactions, and Risk-Taking.” Issues in Mental Health Nursing 41, no. 12 (2020): 1063–75.
Mufti, Pradika Muizzul. “Penggunaan Sistem Gacha Dalam Game Online Dilihat Dari Perspektif Hukum Pidana,” 2022.
Perluasan, Asas Legalitas. “Perluasan Asas Legalitas Dalam Rkuhp Sebagai Upaya Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia.” Journal Presumption of Law 3, no. 1 (2021): 55–79.
Ramadhanu, Ridho Prawira, Frederik G Worang, and Shinta J C Wangke. “A Qualitative Analysis Of Microtransaction And Consumer Behavior Of Online Games (Case Study: Pubg Mobile Games).” Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi 10, no. 4 (2022): 557–83.
Rofiq, Ahmad, Pujiyono Pujiyono, and Barda Nawawi Arief. “Eksistensi Tindak Pidana Ta’zir Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Indonesia.” Journal of Judicial Review 23, no. 2 (2021): 241–56.
Schwiddessen, Sebastian. “Loot Boxes in Japan: Legal Analysis and Kompu Gacha Explained.” Originariamente Destinato a Far Parte Di: Watch Your Loot Boxes, 2018.
Shibuya, Akiko, Mizuha Teramoto, and Akiyo Shoun. “Systematic Analysis of In-Game Purchases and Social Features of Mobile Social Games in Japan.” In DiGRA Conference, 2015.
Situngkir, Danel Aditia. “Asas Legalitas Dalam Hukum Pidana Nasional Dan Hukum Pidana Internasional.” Soumatera Law Review 1, no. 1 (2018): 22–42.
Tang, Anson Chui Yan, Paul Hong Lee, Simon Ching Lam, Summer Cho Ngan Siu, Carmen Jiawen Ye, and Regina Lai Tong Lee. “Prediction of Problem Gambling by Demographics, Gaming Behavior and Psychological Correlates among Gacha Gamers: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Chinese Young Adults.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 13, no. August (2022): 1–12.
Yudhistira, Raka Andhika. “Urgensi Hukum Mengenai Microtransaction Loot Box Pada Permainan Genshin Impact.” Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 2023, 127–34.
Internet/Website:
Altha, Dio Puja, Gacha Dan Lootbox Dinyatakan Haram Oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Media Informasi, 26 Oktober 2021, URL: https://mediaformasi.com/2021/10/gacha-dan-lootbox-dinyatakan-haram-oleh-majelis-ulama-malaysia/
Hildeman, Kiara, Glorified Gambling: Moral and Legal Issues Within the Gacha Gaming Industry, Washington Journal of Law, Technology, & Arts, 7 Desember 2022, URL: https://wjlta.com/2022/12/07/glorified-gambling-moral-and-legal-issues-within-the-gacha-gaming-industry/
Kemendikbudristek, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, 2016.
Kementrian Agama RI, AL-Qur’an Al-Karim Dan Terjemahannya, Jakarta, 2022.
Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI Kembali Tegaskan Tentang Status Keharaman Judi Online, MUI Digital, 29 Mei 2022, URL: https://mui.or.id/mui-provinsi/mui-dki-jakarta/35408/mui-kembali-tegaskan-tentang-status-keharaman-judi-online-majelis-ulama-indonesia/
Matius, Rugikan Bank Rp 1,85 M Karena Transaksi Game Online, Wanita Ini Ditangkap, detiknews, 18 Mei 2019, URL: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4554998/rugikan-bank-rp-185-m-karena-transaksi-game-online-wanita-ini-ditangkap
Sadikin, Rendy Adrikni, Abai Awasi Anak, Ibu Di Kediri Harus Bayar Tagihan Game Online Rp 11 Juta, Suara.com, 9 April 2019, URL: https://www.suara.com/news/2019/04/09/180524/abai-awasi-anak-ibu-di-kediri-harus-bayar-tagihan-game-online-rp-11-juta
Copyright (c) 2023 Mutmainna Putri, Rahmawati, Alfiansyah Anwar, Islamul Haq
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
