ANALISIS FIKIH MUAMALAH TERHADAP FATWA CRYPTOCURRENCY DI LUAR NEGERI
Abstrak
Abstrak
Permasalahan hukum terkait cryptocurrency telah menjadi subjek kontroversi di berbagai negara karena sifatnya yang terus bertranformasi, namun masih terbatas dalam segi regulasi sehingga banyak negara yang meragukannya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada fatwa cryptocurrency yang dikeluarkan oleh otoritas beberapa negara dengan pendekatan hukum. Pendekatan penelitian ini yuridis normatif dengan menelaah bahan hukum dari pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah cryptocurrency memiliki dua pendapat diantara para kalangan ulama yakni pihak yang menghalalkan dan mengharamkan. Seperti Mesir, Pakistan, Suriah, Malaysia dan Maroko secara subtansi mengeluarkan fatwa bahwa penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran, aset simpanan, atau sebagai komoditas tidak diperbolehkan. Ini karena mata uang secara faktanya tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai mata uang, nilai intrinsik yang tidak stabil, tidak memiliki otoritas yang bisa bertanggung jawab, serta nilai yang sering berfluktuasi sehingga besar kemungkinan adanya spekulasi atau gharar didalamnya. Oleh karena itu, kebanyakan dari negara Islam melarang cryptocurrency karena kegiatan ini besar kemungkinan terjadi spekulatif atau gharar sehingga menimbulkan kemudharatan yang besar serta tidak adanya regulasi yang mengontrol lalu lintas pembayaran digital ini.
Kata Kunci : Cryptocurrency, Fatwa, Muamalah
Abtract
Legal issues related to cryptocurrencies have been the subject of controversy in various countries due to its transformational nature, but it is still limited in terms of regulation so many countries have doubts about it. This research focuses on cryptocurrency fatwas issued by the authorities of several countries with a legal approach. This research approach is normative juridical by examining legal materials from the library. The result of this research is that cryptocurrency has two opinions among the scholars, namely those who legalize and forbid. Such as Egypt, Pakistan, Syria, Malaysia and Morocco in substance issued a fatwa that the use of cryptocurrency as a means of payment, deposit asset, or as a commodity is not allowed. This is because the currency does not in fact qualify as a currency, the intrinsic value is unstable, it does not have an authority that can be held accountable, and the value often fluctuates so there is a high possibility of speculation or gharar in it. Therefore, most of the Islamic countries prohibit cryptocurrencies because this activity is likely to be speculative or gharar so that it causes great harm and there is no regulation that controls the traffic of these digital payments.
Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Fatwa; Muamalah
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