Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics in Response to Climate Change in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province
Abstrak
Climate change has resulted in uneven rainfall variations. The temporal analysis of rainfall in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province was conducted through the calculation of monthly averages, seasonal averages, and annual trends using the Climate Data Operator (CDO) and Microsoft Excel application over 60 years from 1961 to 2020, utilizing ERA5 data. The time frame is divided into two periods: 1961-1990 and 1991-2020, aiming to observe rainfall characteristics such as changes, patterns, and trends that occurred during these intervals. The highest monthly average rainfall occurs in January for both periods, registering 378 mm for 1961-1990 and 370 mm for 1990-2020. In contrast, the lowest monthly average occurs in August, with values of 51 mm for 1961-1990 and 38 mm for 1991-2020. The highest seasonal average rainfall occurs during the DJF period, with values of 945 mm for 1961-1990 and 1022 mm for 1991-2020. However, the lowest seasonal average occurs during the JJA period, with values of 228 mm for 1961-1990 and 191 mm for 1991-2020. The rainfall trend shows an increase for the first period (1961-1990), whereas decreases in the second period (1991-2020), including wet seasons, dry seasons, and annual. The result can be associated with climate change, where there are occurrences of extremely wet and extremely dry seasons. Overall, the Special Region of Yogyakarta province experienced continuous yearly rainfall from 1961 to 2020.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Referensi
B. Tjasyono, Klimatologi Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2004.
A. A. Khan, Y. Zhao, J. khan, G. Rahman, M. Rafiq, and M. F. U. Moazzam, "Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and drought condition in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China, using various climate indices," Earth Systems and Environment, vol. 5, pp. 201-216, 2021.
H. Tabari, P. Hosseinzadehtalaei, W. Thiery, and P. Willems, "Amplified drought and flood risk under future socioeconomic and climatic change," Earth's Future, vol. 9, p. e2021EF002295, 2021.
H. Lee, K. Calvin, D. Dasgupta, G. Krinner, A. Mukherji, P. Thorne, C. Trisos, J. Romero, P. Aldunce, and K. Barrett, "Climate change 2023: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change," 2023.
P. G. Whitehead, R. L. Wilby, R. W. Battarbee, M. Kernan, and A. J. Wade, "A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water quality," Hydrological sciences journal, vol. 54, pp. 101-123, 2009.
A. P. Ayodele and E. E. Precious, "Seasonal rainfall prediction in Lagos, Nigeria using artificial neural network," Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, vol. 3, pp. 1-10, 2019.
B. Lakitan, "Dasar-dasar klimatologi," PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta, 2002.
Y. V. O. Siahaan and E. Nurjani, "Analysis of extreme rainfall distribution and tropical cyclone impact in Yogyakarta, Indonesia," in Seventh Geoinformation Science Symposium 2021, 2021, pp. 134-140.
G. H. Roe, "Orographic precipitation," Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 33, pp. 645-671, 2005.
E. Aldrian, "Simulations of Indonesian rainfall with a hiercharchy of climate models," Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2003.
B. Tjasyono, "Meteorologi Indonesia 1: karakteristik dan sirkulasi atmosfer," Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika, 2006.
V. Moron, A. W. Robertson, and J.-H. Qian, "Local versus regional-scale characteristics of monsoon onset and post-onset rainfall over Indonesia," Climate dynamics, vol. 34, pp. 281-299, 2010.
H. Vijith and D. Dodge-Wan, "Spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall over a forested river basin in NW Borneo," Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. 132, pp. 683-702, 2020.
M. Zeleňáková, H. F. Abd-Elhamid, K. Krajníková, J. Smetanková, P. Purcz, and I. Alkhalaf, "Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall trends in response to climate change—a case study: Syria," Water, vol. 14, p. 1670, 2022.
P. Sugiyono, "Statistika Untuk Penelitian, Bandung: CV," ed: Alfabeta, 2007.
S. Supriyati, B. Tjahjono, and S. Effendy, "Analisis Pola Hujan untuk Mitigasi Aliran Lahar Hujan Gunungapi Sinabung," Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, vol. 20, pp. 95-100, 2018.
R. Ahmad Rifad, A. Muhammad Kasim, and A. Ansari Saleh, "Analisis Penyebaran Hunian dengan Menggunakan Metode Nearest Neighbor Analysis," VARIANSI: Journal of Statistics and Its application on Teaching and Research, vol. 2, 2020.
V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, and H. Wang, Handbook of partial least squares vol. 201: Springer, 2010.
H. Bayong Tjasyono, R. Gernowo, B. Sri Woro, and J. Ina, "The character of rainfall in the Indonesian monsoon," in The International Symposium on Equatorial Monsoon System, Yogyakarta, 2008.
I. Pramuwardani, Hartono, Sunarto, and A. Sopaheluwakan, "Indonesian rainfall variability during Western North Pacific and Australian monsoon phase related to convectively coupled equatorial waves," Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 11, p. 673, 2018.
S. B. Sipayung, I. Susanti, E. Maryadi, A. Nurlatifah, A. Witono, L. Slamet, and L. Tursilowati, "The Impact of Climate Change on Meteorological Drought in Yogyakarta," in International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment, 2022, pp. 735-744.
L. Avia, "Change in rainfall per-decades over Java Island, Indonesia," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, p. 012037.
H. M. Sung, J. Kim, J.-H. Lee, S. Shim, K.-O. Boo, J.-C. Ha, and Y.-H. Kim, "Future changes in the global and regional sea level rise and sea surface temperature based on CMIP6 models," Atmosphere, vol. 12, p. 90, 2021.
K. E. Trenberth, A. Dai, R. M. Rasmussen, and D. B. Parsons, "The changing character of precipitation," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 84, pp. 1205-1218, 2003.
K. E. Trenberth, "Changes in precipitation with climate change," Climate research, vol. 47, pp. 123-138, 2011.
R. Liu, "Latest trends of atmospheric cells under global warming," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, p. 012003.
S. Yang, Z. Li, J.-Y. Yu, X. Hu, W. Dong, and S. He, "El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its impact in the changing climate," National Science Review, vol. 5, pp. 840-857, 2018.
C. Wang, C. Deser, J.-Y. Yu, P. DiNezio, and A. Clement, "El Niño and southern oscillation (ENSO): a review," Coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific: Persistence and loss in a dynamic environment, pp. 85-106, 2017.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by4.footer##