Problematika Pemaknaan Teks Syariat dan Dinamika Maslahat Kemanusiaan
Abstract
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ruang interpretasi teks syariat di bawah otoritas ilahi, menemukan daya dukung teks syariat terhadap implementasi kemaslahatan manusia, dan menemukan kesinambungan antara konsep kemaslahatan, teks syariat, dan realitas kemaslahatan manusia. Penelitian dijalankan melalui library research, metode penelitian kualitatif, dan pendekatan doktriner. Data-data kualitatif dihimpun dari literatur-literatur yang membahas teks syariat dan kemaslahatan. Data diolah dan dianalisis mulai dari tahap identifikasi sampai tahap penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teks syariat meliputi aspek transenden dan historis. Otoritas ilahi dalam teks syariat tidak mengabaikan dimensi kemanusiaan. Kehadiran rasulullah saw. sebagai raḥmatan lil ‘ālamīn tertuang dalam teks syariat. Aspek kerahmatan terwujud apabila kemaslahatan terealisasi dan kemudaratan dihilangkan. Kemaslahatan manusia selalu jadi pertimbangan dalam setiap legislasi hukum dari teks syariat. Dengan demikian, pemaknaan terhadap teks syariat tidak dapat mengabaikan aspek kemaslahatan manusia. Penentuan maslahat kemanusiaan tidak dapat pula secara sewenang-wenang dilakukan sehingga spirit teks syariat diabaikan. Ruang dialogis harus selalu terbuka antara dinamika maslahat kemanusiaan dengan makna-makna yang diraih dari teks syariat.
Kata kunci: Teks Syariat; Tujuan Syariat, Kemaslahatan; Otoritas Ilahi; Hak Hamba .
Abstract
The research aimed to describe the interpretation space of Shari'a texts under divine authority, to find support of Shari'a texts on the implementation of human benefit, and to find continuity between the concepts of benefit, Shari'a texts, and the reality of human benefit. Research was carried out through library research, qualitative research methods, and doctrinal approaches. Qualitative data collected from the literature that discussed the text of the Shari'a and benefit. Data was processed and analyzed starting from the identification stage until the conclusion stage. The results showed that the Shari'a text covers transcendent and historical aspects. The divine authority in the Shari'a text does not neglect the human dimension. The presence of rasulullah saw., as raḥmatan lil ‘ālamīn is contained in the Shari'a text. The grace aspect is realized when the benefit is realized and the harm is removed. The benefit of humans is always a consideration in every legal legislation of the Shari'a text. Thus, the meaning of the Shari'a text cannot ignore the aspect of human benefit. The determination of the benefits of humanity cannot also be arbitrarily carried out so that the spirit of the Shari'a text is ignored. Dialogue space must always be open between the dynamics of the benefit of humanity and the meanings achieved from the Shari'a text.
Key words: Teks Syariat, Tujuan Syariat, Kemaslahatn, Otoritas Ilahi, Hak Hamba
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