Kenyamanan Termal pada Bangunan Berventilasi Alami di Iklim Tropis
Abstract
Abstrak_ Konsumsi energi pada bangunan berperan penting dalam menentukan tingkat efisiensi dan dampak lingkungan. Ventilasi alami merupakan solusi untuk mengurangi konsumsi energi dengan memanfaatkan aliran udara luar guna meningkatkan kenyamanan termal tanpa penggunaan energi yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh kondisi cuaca, seperti suhu, kelembaban dan kecepatan angin, terhadap kenyamanan termal pengguna pada bangunan dengan ventilasi alami dan bukaan satu sisi. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran kondisi cuaca di dalam dan luar ruangan selama 21 hari serta survei persepsi pengguna menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah responden 138 orang dan metode sampling secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dalam ruangan sangat dipengaruhi oleh aliran angin masuk, dan terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara kelembaban relatif luar dengan suhu dalam ruangan dengan nilai R=0.90. Sebagian besar responden menginginkan kondisi ruangan yang lebih sejuk dengan nilai 90,58%, yang menunjukkan rasa tidak nyaman pengguna bangunan ketika berada dalam ruangan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan konsistensi dalam preferensi kenyamanan termal pengguna berdasarkan skala Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) dan Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV). Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai variasi luasan jendela dan arah bukaan jendela serta pengaruh radiasi matahari dalam mengontrol suhu dan kelembaban ruangan guna meningkatkan kenyamanan termal pengguna bangunan.
Kata kunci : Kenyamanan Termal; Ventilasi Alami; Suhu dan Kelembaban; Kecepatan Angin; TSV dan TCV
Abstract_ Energy consumption in buildings plays a crucial role in determining efficiency and environmental impact. Natural ventilation offers a solution to reduce energy consumption by utilizing outdoor airflow to enhance thermal comfort without significant energy use. This study examines the effects of weather conditions, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on the thermal comfort of occupants in naturally ventilated buildings with single-sided openings. Data were collected through measurements of indoor and outdoor weather conditions over 21 days and a perception survey involving 138 respondents, using randomly selected questionnaires. The results indicate that indoor temperature is highly influenced by incoming wind flow, with a strong correlation between outdoor relative humidity and indoor temperature (R = 0.90). A majority of respondents (90.58%) expressed a preference for cooler indoor conditions, indicating discomfort within the building. The study also found consistency in user thermal comfort preferences based on the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV) scales. Recommendations include further investigations into variations in window size, window orientation, and the impact of solar radiation to improve indoor temperature and humidity control, enhancing thermal comfort for building occupants.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort; Natural Ventilation; Temperature and Humidity; Wind Speed, TSV and TCV
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