Iran pada Masa Reza Syah 1925-1941
Abstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemerintahan Reza Syah di Iran yang sering ditampilkan sebagai periode yang didominasi oleh kekuatan otoriter di mana Reza Shah berusaha mengikuti model tangan besi Kemal Ataturk dalam mengubah Iran menjadi negara modern. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, deskriptif, analitis sebagai penelitian studi pustaka, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa kedatangan pemerintahan baru ini membangkitkan respons yang kompleks dari berbagai lapisan masyarakat Iran. Banyak anggota ulama dan sekutu mereka, seperti para pedagang, menyambut kedatangan Reza Syah ke tampuk kekuasaan, melihat dalam dirinya sebagai tempat penyelamatan bagi Iran. Menggunakan teori peranan sosial yang dikemukakan oleh Erving Goffman penulis menemukan dalam upaya untuk menciptakan identitas nasional yang bersatu dan maju dia melarang bentuk pakaian tradisional dan adanya penggunaan Persia sebagai satu-satunya bahasa nasional, modernisasi tentara, industrialisasi bahkan minoritisasi suku suku nomad di wilayah Iran.
This article aims to describe Reza Syah’s government in Iran which is often presented as a period dominated by authoritarian forces in which Reza Syah tried to follow Kemal Ataturk's iron fist model in turning Iran into a modern state. With a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical approach as library research, this paper concludes that the arrival of this new government evokes complex responses from various strata of Iranian society. Many members of the clergy and their allies, such as merchants, welcomed Reza Syah to power, saw in him as a savior for Iran In an effort to create a unified and advanced national identity he banned traditional forms of clothing and the use of Persia as the only national language, army modernization, industrialization and even the minoritization of nomadic tribes in Iranian territory.
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