Pendidikan Sebagai Katalisator Demokrasi: Studi Kasus Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Di Kuba
Abstract
Improving the quality of education in Cuba encourages the achievement of gender equality, especially in increasing the quota of women in the Cuban government. The revolution of the education system achieved through collaboration between the government and civil society is able to ignite the awareness of women of their rights in political participation. Comprehensive commitment and implementation in Cuba produces a high quality education index and makes Cuba one of the countries with the best education system in the world. The existence of an educational correlation and the achievement of gender -friendly politics is shown by the stable quota of women in the Cuban parliament. By looking at the system, quality and quantity of education as well as government and civil society programs in achieving gender equality and women's empowerment, this research found that there is a relationship between the equality of education as the focus of the construction of the Cuba by achieving the stability of the distribution of seats in parliament through the gender inequality index, especially the value Stable on the quota of women's quota in the Cuban government. This is inseparable from the joint effort between the government and the civil society represented by a feminist organization in Cuba namely Federation of Cuban Women (FMC).
Downloads
References
Berinsky, A. J., & Lenz, G. S. (2010, Agustus). Education and Political Participation: Exploring the Causal Link. Springer Science+Business Media, 33, 357-373. 10.1007/s11109-010--9134-9
Bincang Perempuan. (2024, January 7). Apa Itu Kesetaraan Gender? Bincang Perempuan. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://bincangperempuan.com/kesetaraan-gender/
Budlender, D. (2000). The Political Economy of Women's Budgets in the South. World Development, 28, 1365-1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00016-4
Burnet, J. (2008). Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda. African Affairs, 107, 361-386. https://doi.org/10.1093/AFRAF/ADN024.
Castro, M. G. (2017, Desember). Riwayat Pendidikan Republik Kuba Hingga Menjadi Gratis dan Universal. fisip.ui.ac.id. Retrieved 2024, from Riwayat Pendidikan Republik Kuba Hingga Menjadi Gratis dan Universal
Cecelia McCall. (1987, Januari). women and literacy: the cuban experience. jstor, 30(4), 318-324.
Cruz, G. (2017, April). Sekilas Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Kuba. questar. Retrieved 2024, from Sekilas Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Kuba
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. (2022, December). Ninth periodic report submitted by Cuba under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017. cedaw.iwraw. Retrieved September, 2024, from https://cedaw.iwraw-ap.org/
Country economy. (n.d.). Cuba - Literacy rate 2021. countryeconomy.com. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://countryeconomy.com/demography/literacy-rate/cuba
detik news. (2010, Desember Kamis). Pengaruh Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Keterpilihan Perempuan Baca artikel detiknews, "Pengaruh Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Keterpilihan Perempuan". Retrieved Juni, 2024, from https://news.detik.com/adv-todaynews-detiknews/d-1535772/pengaruh-kondisi-sosial-ekonomi-terhadap-keterpilihan-perempuan
Emler, N., & Frazer, E. (2010, Agustus). Politics: The education effect. Oxford Review of Education, 25(1-2), 251-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/030549899104242
Farisi, M. I. (2022, December 23). Ironi di Balik Rendahnya Angka Partisipasi Kasar Pendidikan Tinggi Halaman all. Kompas.com. https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2022/12/23/074732371/ironi-di-balik-rendahnya-angka-partisipasi-kasar-pendidikan-tinggi
Federation of Cuban Women. (n.d.). Women and the Cuban Revolution: The Federation of Cuban Women — Cuba Platform. Cuba Platform. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://cubaplatform.org/federation-cuban-women
Firdaus, N., & Azizah, N. (n.d.). KETERWAKILAN POLITIK PEREMPUAN KUBA PADA ERA KEPEMIMPINAN FIDEL CASTRO The Political Representation of Cuban Women Under Fidel Castro. KETERWAKILAN POLITIK PEREMPUAN KUBA PADA ERA KEPEMIMPINAN FIDEL CASTRO The Political Representation of Cuban Women Under Fidel C. Retrieved June 21, 2024, from https://etd.umy.ac.id/id/eprint/25880/11/Naskah%20Publikasi.pdf
Franceschet, S., Krook, M. L., & Tan, N. (Eds.). (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of Women’s Political Rights. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Habibullah, A. (2012, November 26). KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU. Neliti. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/294376-kompetensi-pedagogik-guru-5f65868b.pdf
Hadi, A., Asrori, A., & Rusman. (2021). Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Fenomenologi, Case Study, Grounded Theory, Etnografi, Biografi. CV. Pena Persada.
Hernawan, & Oktavian, R. (2022, January 17). Pentingnya Literasi, Mengantar Generasi Penerus Bangsa Memajukan Negara. Yoursay.id. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://yoursay.suara.com/kolom/2022/01/17/142517/pentingnya-literasi-mengantar-generasi-penerus-bangsa-memajukan-negara
History. (2021, August 19). Cuban Revolution. Cuban Revolution - 1959, Timeline & Summary | HISTORY. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://www.history.com/topics/latin-america/cuban-revolution
Human Development Reports. (2022). Gender Inequality Index (GII). Human Development Reports. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII
Iskandar, I., Ahmad, Z., & Halim, A. (2021). Collaboration to Increase Women’s Political Participation in East Kalimantan Governor Election. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Social and Political Enquiries, ICISPE 2020, 9-10 October 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.9-10-2020.2304810.
Jayaweera, S. (2010). Women, Education and Empowerment in Asia. 9(4), 411-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540259721169
Kien Le, & My Nguyen. (2021, September). Education and political engagement. International Journal of Educational Development, 85, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102441
Lamrani, S. (2016). Women in Cuba: The Emancipatory Revolution. International Journal of Cuban Studies, 8(1), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.13169/intejcubastud.8.1.0109
Muzee, H., & Endeley, J. (2023). ‘The more educated the better?’ Educational achievement and women’s voices during deliberation in the Ugandan parliament. Critical African Studies, 15, 277 - 291. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2023.2186906.
Naurah, N. (2024, January 27). Kesenjangan Gender Jadi Topik Pembahasan di WEF 2024, Bagaimana Indeks Kesetaraan di Indonesia? GoodStats. Retrieved June 23, 2024, from https://goodstats.id/article/kesenjangan-gender-jadi-topik-pembahasan-di-wef-2024-bagaimana-indeks-kesetaraan-di-indonesia-9xWqN
Newman, E. (2019, August 17). Cuban president highlights Fidel Castro's thoughts about education. Radio Habana Cuba. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/nacionales/199245-cuban-president-highlights-fidel-castros-thoughts-about-education
Nwagu, C., Samsu, K., & Ismail, M. (2021). The Role of Non-governmental Organizations in Empowering Women Political Representation in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Reseacrh in Business and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/11800.
OSAGI Gender Mainstreaming - Concepts and definitions. (n.d.). the United Nations. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/conceptsandefinitions.htm
Reguera, J. R. G. (2020, April -). Fe del Valle, su ejemplo perdura entre las féminas cubanas. radiotrinidad. Retrieved Juni, 2024, from https://www.radiotrinidad.icrt.cu/2020/04/13/fe-del-valle-su-ejemplo-perdura-entre-las-feminas-cubanas/
Right to Education. (2015, September 25). Gross enrolment ratio (GER) (%) | Monitoring Guide. Right to Education Initiative |. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.right-to-education.org/monitoring/content/gross-enrolment-ratio-ger
Sahu, T., & Yadav, K. (2018). Women’s education and political participation. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.22271/educatin.2018.v3.i6.15.
Salsabila, I. D. (2024, Mei). Politik Ramah Gender Melalui Kesetaraan Pendidikan: Kuota Perempuan di Pemerintahan Kuba. Medium. Retrieved 2024, from https://medium.com/@fioreblu/politik-ramah-gender-melalui-kesetaraan-pendidikan-kuota-perempuan-di-pemerintahan-kuba-d8364206fd95
Serrano Lorenzo, Y. D. L. C. (2018, Juli). La Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y su labor con las familias. La Federación de Mujeres Cubanas y su labor con las familias, 2(Trabajo Social 20), 55-75. 10.15446/ts.v20n2.74414
Statista. (2024, May 28). Literacy rate of people ages 15 years and over in Cuba 2021. Statista. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1393064/literacy-rate-of-people-ages-15-years-and-over-cuba/
suluh perempuan. (2023, Desember). perempuan dan revolusi kuba. suluhperempuan.org. Retrieved juni jumat, 2024, from https://suluhperempuan.org/2023/12/21/perempuan-dan-revolusi kuba.html#:~:text=Sebagaimana%20dinyatakan%20secara%20eksplisit%20dalam%20Pasal%2044%20Konstitusi,untuk%20mencapai%20partisipasi%20penuh%20perempuan%20dalam%20pembangunan%20negara.%E2%80%9D
THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved July 4, 2024, from https://sdgs.un.org/goals
UNICEF. (n.d.). Education as a priority in Cuba. UNICEF. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/education-priority-cuba
United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Gender Inequality Index (GII). Human Development Reports. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII
United Nations Population Fund. (2024, July). UNFPA Arabstates | Human rights & gender equality. Arab States. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://arabstates.unfpa.org/en/topics/human-rights-gender-equality-0
United Nations-UN Women. (2001). OSAGI Gender Mainstreaming - Concepts and definitions. the United Nations. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/conceptsandefinitions.htm
UN Women. (n.d.). Country Fact Sheet. UN Women Data Hub. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://data.unwomen.org/country/cuba
Wängnerud, L. (2009, August). Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation. Research Gate. Retrieved September, 2024, from Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation
Wylie, L., & Shoker, S. (2018). The Palgrave Handbook of Women’s Political Rights (S. Franceschet, M. L. Krook, & N. Tan, Eds.; book chapter ed., Vol. pp 405-419). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59074-9_28
Copyright (c) 2024 Dias Pabyantara Swandita Mahayasa, Ismayrenna Dwi Salsabila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
