KHALED M. ABOU EL FADL: Menuju Pembacaan Otoritatif Atas Hadis Nabi Melalui Hermeneutika Negosiatif
Abstract
ABSTRAK INDONESIA
Artikel ini membahas tentang hermeneutika negosiasif dari pemikiran tokoh Islam kontemporer, Khaled M. Abou el Fadl. Inti dari analisis hermeneutika ini, terletak pada peran pengarang, teks, dan pembaca dalam menentukan makna. Di mana penentuan makna merupakan hasil proses negosiasi dari ketiga aspek tersebut secara berimbang tanpa adanya dominasi salah satu pihak, sehingga makna yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan apa yang dikehendaki dan tidak ada dominan atau otoritas dari penafsir/pembaca (reader). Melalui teori ini, Khaled mencoba mengkonstruksi idenya tentang otoritas dalam membaca teks. Khaled juga membatasi otoritarianisme pembacanya pada lima syarat, yaitu: kejujuran dalam memahami perintah Tuhan, ketekunan, kelengkapan, rasionalitas, menahan diri. Pemikiran ini hadir sebagai tanggapan atas kecemasan Khaled atas fatwa sewenang-wenang yang diajukan oleh Saudi Arabian CRLO (Council for Scientific Research and Legal Opinions), di mana mereka menggunakan hadis misoginis sebagai otoritas tertinggi untuk melegitimasi keabsahan fatwa mereka. Dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pola pikir Khaled tidak serta merta mengungkapkan hadits Nabi, namun yang paling menarik adalah upayanya untuk menentukan makna hadits melalui teori yang ia hasilkan yaitu melalui hermeneutika negosiatif.
ABSTRAK INGGRIS
This article discusses the negotiated hermeneutics from the ideas of contemporary Islamic thinker Khaled M. Abou el Fadl. The essence of the hermeneutic analysis of the idea lies in the role of the author (writer), text (text), and reader (reader) in determining meaning. The determination of the meaning of the results of the negotiation process from the three aspects in a balanced manner without any domination by either party. Through this theory, Abou el Fadl tries to construct his idea of the authority in reading the text. The concept of Islamic authority in its construction as a form to bridge God's will. Khaled limits the authoritarianism of readers to five conditions, namely: honesty in understanding God's commands, diligence, comprehensiveness, rationality, self-restraint. This idea came as a response to Khaled's anxiety over arbitrary fatwas put forward by the Saudi Arabian CRLO (Council for Scientific Research and Legal Opinions), in which they used misogynistic traditions as the highest authority to legitimacy the validity of their fatwa. From this study, it can be seen that Khaled's mindset is not necessarily revealing the Prophet's hadith, but what is most interesting is his attempt to determine the meaning of hadith through theory using negotiated hermeneutics.
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