Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy
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Abstract
يقصد هذا البحث لمعرف منهج معالم التنزيل للبغوي. وهو من الكتب المدونة فى التفسير بالمأثور الذي إعترفه علماء التفسير بأنه أسلم من البدعة والأحاديث الضعيفة. مؤلف هذا الكتاب هو الإمام أبومحمد حسين بن مسعود الفراء البغوي الشافعى المتوفى سنة 510 هـ. هذا الكتاب هو كتاب متوسط ينقل فيه عن مفسري الصحابة والتابعين ومن بعدهم، ويتعرض لتفسير الآية بلفظ سهل موجز وينقل ماجاء عن السلف فى تفسيرها بدون أن يذكر السند لأنه قد ذكر فى مقدمة تفسيره إسناده إلى كل من يروى عنهم. هذا الكتاب طبع أول مرة فى نسخة واحدة مع تفسير إبن كثير كما طبع مع تفسير الخازن. وهذا الكتاب فسر القرآن الكريم بأسلوب تحليلى من أول السورة حتى آخر السورة واستعمال منهج التفسير المأثوربذكر الأدلة من الأحاديث النبوية الصحيحة والفتاوي من الصحابة والتابعين. وكان الإتجاه أو الهدف لهذا التفسير هو إتجاه الفقه الذي يميل إلى فقه الشافعية.
الكلمات الدالة: البغوي، معالم التنزيل، التفسير التحليلى، التفسير المأثور.
Abstract
This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.Abstrak
Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah). Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara analitis dari awal sampai akhir surah dengan menggunakan metode penafsiran yang berdasarkan riwayat, yakni dengan menyebutkan dalil-dalil dari hadis sahih, fatwa para sahabat dan kalangan tabi‘i>n. Corak penafsiran ini adalah corak fiqh, yang cenderung pada fiqh Syafi'i. Kata kuci: Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l, al-Bagawi, corak penafsiran, metodologi penafsiran, al-ma’s}u>r.
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