Aktivitas Antibakteri Turunan Kalkon Tersubstitusi Bromo Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Escherichia coli
Abstract
Pengembangan obat antibiotik dalam menanggulangi penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri semakin meluas. Hal ini diiringi dengan semakin meningkatnya prevalensi retensi terhadap antibiotik. Banyaknya kasus retensi terhadap antibiotik menyebabkan perlu dilakukan pengembangan agen antibakteri yang salah satunya berasal dari senyawa turunan kalkon. Sintesis senyawa turunan kalkon yang memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Escerichia coli telah dilakukan. Sintesis senyawa (E)-2’-hidroksi-2-bromo-4,5-dimetoksikalkon melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt dari senyawa 2-hidroksiasetofenon dengan 2-bromo-4,5-dimetoksibenzaldehida.. Sintesis dilakukan dengan metode refluks dalam kondisi basa menggunakan katalis NaOH dan metanol sebagai pelarut selama 24 jam. Struktur hasil sintesis senyawa turunan kalkon dianalisis dengan FTIR, KLT-scanner, GC-MS, MS-direct, 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram (sumuran) terhadap bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan Escherichia coli. Seri konsentrasi senyawa meliputi 1%, 5%, 10%, dan 20% serta digunakan kontrol positif 4-isopropil-3-metilfenol 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintesis senyawa turunan kalkon menghasilkan padatan berwarna kuning dengan rendemen sebesar 78,45%. Daya hambat senyawa kalkon dan 4-isopropil-3-metilfenol sebagai kontrol positif hampir sama untuk kedua bakteri yaitu 15 mm untuk Bacillus substilis dan 13 mm untuk Escherichia coli. Selain itu, uji daya hambat senyawa turunan kalkon terhadap bakteri Bacillus substillis lebih baik dibandingkan pada bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 20% dengan zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 19,7 dan 17,7 nm.
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