Toxicity Test of Elo (Ficus Racemosa L.) Leaf Extracts and Fractions Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Methods
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan toksisitas tanaman Ficus racemosa L. lebih dikenal sebagai tumbuhan elo banyak digunakan sebagai obat alternatif bahan alam. Penggunaan bahan alam sebagai kandidat obat merupakan salah satu pilihan untuk meningkatkan nilai bahan alam yang tersebar luas dan menjadi keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia. Adapun metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu metode maserasi digunakan untuk memperoleh ekstrak daun. Selanjutnya ekstrak yang telah diperoleh di partisi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan kloroform untuk mendapatkan fraksi daun tanaman elo. Uji kualitatif dilakukan untuk mengetahu ada atau tidaknya kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak dan fraksi daun tanaman elo. Sedangkan kemampuan toksisitas ekstrak dan fraksi daun tanaman elo diuji menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) sebagai skrining toksisitas awal dengan hewan uji larva udang Artemia salina Leach. Berdasarkan hasil peneltian menunjukkan jika ekstrak dan fraksi daun tanaman elo mengandung metabolit sekunder berupa senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan saponin. Uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT diperoleh nilai LC50 ekstrak daun sebesar 91,76 ppm; fraksi n-heksana daun sebesar 220,47 ppm; fraksi etil asetat daun sebesar 249,13 ppm; dan fraksi kloroform daun sebesar 338,16 ppm. Berdasarkan nilai LC50 tersebut menunjukkan jika ekstrak daun dan fraksi daun tanaman elo memiliki potensi toksik.
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