Pokok-Pokok Hukum Kewarisan (Analisis Kehujahan Hadis Dengan Pendekatan Kritik Sanad)
Abstract
Since property issues became a source of greed and familial rift, Islam provided regulations regarding the distribution of inheritance for the heirs. The regulations have been described by Allah and the Prophet in the Koran and Hadith. Those regulations should become a guide for Muslims when they execute the distribution of inheritance to those who deserve it in order to avoid unfair distribution of inheritance it self. The study of the four main points of the hadith about inheritance law found that one of them is shahih. The hadith is about the status of the Prophet who did not inherit. Two of them are shahih li ghayrih. Both are hadith about the rights of women in inheritance and the prohibition for people of different religions to inherit each other. The rest of hadith is dha’if. The hadith is about the rights of wife and daughters to inherit. This study is expected to become a reference for managing the inheritance in Islamic society. That is important to avoid misunderstanding about the regulations of inheritance stated in the Koran and hadith. This study also significant to reduce the potential for family rift caused by the unfair distribution of inheritance.
Downloads
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karim.
Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān bin al-Asy‛ab al-Sijistānῑ. t.th. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. t.tp.: Dār al- Fikr.
Al-Albānῑ, Muhammad Nāshir al-Dīn. 1405 H/1985. Irwā’ al-Ghalīl fī Takhrīj Ahādīts. Manār al-Sabīl. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmῑ.
........ 1408 H/1988. Shahīh Sunan al-Nasā’ῑ. Jilid 1, 2 & 3. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al- Islāmῑ.
......... 1408 H/1988. Shahīh Sunan al-Tirmidzῑ. Jilid 1, 2 & 3. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al- Islāmῑ.
.......... 1409 H/1989. Shahīh Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmῑ.
.......... 1417 H/1997. Shahīh Sunan Ibn Mājah. Al-Rῑādh: Maktabat al-Ma‛ārif li al- Nasyr wa al-Tawzī‛.
Al-Alūsiy, Mahmūd Abū al-Fadhl. t.th. Rūh. al-Ma‛ānī fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‛Azhīm wa al-Sab‛ al-Matsānῑ. Bayrūt: Dār Ihyā’ al-Turāts al-‛Arabῑ.
Al-Āmidῑ, Abū al-Hasan ‛Alī bin Muhammad. 1404 H. Al-Ihkām fī Ushūl al-Ahkām. Sunt. Sayyid al-Jamīlῑ. Jilid 1 & 2. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Arabῑ.
Al-Anshārῑ, ‛Umar bin ‛Alī bin al-Mulqan. 1410. Khulāshat al-Badr al-Munīr fī Takhrīj Kitāb al-Syarh al-Kabīr li al-Rāfi‛iy. Jilid 1 & 2. Al-Rῑādh: Maktabat al- Rusyd.
Al-Baghdadῑ, Syihāb al-Dīn Abū ‛Abdillāh Yāqūt. 1404 H/1984. Mu‛jam al-Buldān. Jilid 4 & 5. Bayrūt: Dār Bayrūt.
Al-Baydhāwῑ. 1416 H/ 1996. Tafsīr al-Baydhāwῑ. Sunt. ‛Abd al-Qādir ‛Arafāt. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Bayhaqῑ, Abū Bakr Ahmad bin al-Husain bin ‛Alī bin Mūsā. 1414 H/1994. Al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Makkat al-Mukarramah: Maktabah Dār al-Bāz.
Al-Bukhārῑ, Abū ‛Abdillāh Muhammad bin Ismā‛īl bin Ibrāhīm bin al-Mughīrah. t.th. Al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8. t.tp.: Dār al-Fikr.
.......... 1407 H/1987. Shahīh al-Bukhārῑ. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8. Bayrūt: Dār Ibn Katsīr.
Al-Dāruquthnῑ, ‛Alī bin ‛Umar bin Ahmad bin Mahdī Abū al-Hasan. 1386 H/1966. Sunan al-Dāruquthnῑ. Bayrūt: Dār al-Ma‛rifah.
Al-Dzahabῑ, Abū ‛Abdillāh Muhammad bin Ahmad bin ‛Utsmān. 1413 H. Siyar A‛lām al-Nubalā’. Jilid 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8. Bayrūt: Mu’assasat al-Risālah.
........... t.th. Al-Mughnī fī al-Dhu‛afā’. Qat.ar: Idārah Ihyā’ al-Turāts al-Islāmῑ.
Al-Humaydῑ, Abū Bakr ‛Abdullāh bin al-Zubayr. t.th. Al-Musnad. Jilid 1 & 2. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmῑyah.
Ibn ‛Abd al-Barr, Abū ‛Umar Yūsuf bin ‛Abdillāh bin Muhammad al-Namirῑ al- Qurthubῑ. 1404 H/1983. Al-Tamhīd Limā fī al-Muwaththa’ min al-Ma‛ānῑ wa al-Asānīd. Jilid 1, 7, 8, 17, 23 & 24. Bākistān: al-Maktabah al-Qudūsiyyah.
Ibn al-Jārūd, Abū Muhammad ‛Abdullāh. 1408 H/1988. Al-Muntaqā min al-Sunan al- Musnadah ‛an Rasūlillāh Shallāllāh ‛Alayh wa Sallam. Bayrūt: Mu’assasat al-Kitāb al-Salafiyyah.
Ibn al-Jawzῑ, ‛Abd al-Rahmān bin ‛Alī bin Muhammad Abū al-Farj. 1406 H. Al- Dhu‛afā’ wa al-Matrūkīn. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmῑyah.
Ibn Hajar, Syihāb al-Dīn Abū al-Fadhl Ahmad bin ‛Alī al-‛Asqalānῑ. 1403 H/1983. Thabaqāt al-Mudallisīn. ‛Ammān: Maktabat al-Manār.
.......... 1406 H/1986. Taqrīb al-Tahdzīb. Sūrῑā: Dār al-Rasyīd.
.......... 1384 H/1964. Talkhīsh al-Habīr fī Ahādīts al-Rāfi‛iy al-Kabīr. Jilid 1, 2 & 3. Al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah: t.pt.
.......... 1379 H. Fath al-Bārῑ Syarh Shahīh al-Bukhārῑ. Jilid 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 & 13. Bayrūt: Dār al-Ma‛rifah.
.......... 1406 H/1986. Lisān al-Mīzān. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7. Bayrūt: Mu’assasat al- a‛lamῑ li al-Thibā‛āt.
.......... 1404 H/1984. Tahdzīb al-Tahdzīb. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Hibbān, Muhammad bin Hibbān bin Ahmad Abū Hātim al-Taymῑ al-Bustῑ. 1395. H/1975. Al-Tsiqāt. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9. t.tp.: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Katsīr, Ismā‛īl bin ‛Umar al-Dimasyqῑ Abū al-Fidā’. 1401 H. Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‛Azhīm (Tafsīr Ibn Katsīr). Jilid 1, 2 & 3. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibn Mājah, Abū ‛Abdillāh Muhammad bin Yazīd al-Qazwīnῑ. t.th. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Ijlῑ, Ahmad bin ‛Abdillāh bin Shālih Abū al-Hasan. 1405 H/1985. Ma‛rifat al-Tsiqāt. Al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah: Maktabat al-Dār.
Al-Jurjānῑ, ‛Abdullāh bin ‛Adī bin ‛Abdullāh bin Muhammad Abū Ahmad. 1409 H/1988.
Al-Kāmil fī Dhu‛afā’ al-Rijāl. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Marāghῑ, Ahmad Mushthafā. 1394 H/1974. Tafsīr al-Marāghῑ. Bayrūt: Dār Ihyā’ wa al-Turāts al-‛Arabῑ.
Al-Mubārakfūrῑ, Muhammad bin ‛Abd al-Rahmān bin ‛Abd al-Rahīm. t.th. Tuh.fat al- Ahwadzῑ bi Syarh Jāmi‛ al-Tirmidzῑ. Jilid 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 & 10. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmῑyah.
Al-Nasā’ῑ, Ahmad bin Syu‛ayb Abū ‛Abd al-Rahmān. 1369 H. al-Dhu‛afā’ wa al- Matrūkīn. Halab: Dār al-Wa‛iy.
......... 1406 H/1986. Sunan al-Nasā’ῑ. H.alab: Maktab al-Mathbū‛āt al-Islāmῑyah.
......... 1411 H/1991. Al-Sunan al-Kubrā. Jilid 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilmῑyah.
Al-Nasafiy. t.th. Tafsīr al-Nasafiy. t.tp.: t.pt.
Al-Naysābūrῑ, Abū al-Husain Muslim bin al-H.ajjāj al-Qushayrī. t.th. Shahīh Muslim. Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8. Bayrūt: Dār Ihyā’ al-Turāts al-‛Arabῑ.
Al-Naysābūrῑ, Muhammad bin ‛Abdillāh al-Hākim Abū ‛Abdillāh. 1411 H/1990. al- Mustadrak ‛Alā al-Shahīhayn. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al-‛Ilimῑyah.
Al-Qurthubῑ, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Abī Bakr bin Farh. 1372 H. Al-Jāmi‛ li Ahkām al-Qur’ān (Tafsīr al-Qurthubῑ). Jilid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13 & 19. Al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Sya‛b.
