Analisis Hubungan Kadar Hemoglobin dengan Status Gizi pada Pasien Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sleman
Abstrak
Anemia dan malnutrisi merupakan komplikasi umum pada pasien hemodialisis yang dapat mempengaruhi prognosis dan kualitas hidup.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dan status gizi pada pasien hemodialisis reguler di RSUD Sleman. Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada Juli 2024 menggunakan metode total sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah 117 pasien hemodialisis reguler yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi: usia ≥18 tahun dan menjalani hemodialisis rutin minimal 2 kali seminggu. Pengumpulan data meliputi karakteristik demografis, kadar hemoglobin dari hasil laboratorium, dan pengukuran antropometri untuk menghitung indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin pasien adalah 8,80 g/dL (SD±1,79) dengan 28,21% berada dalam kategori cukup (8,10-9,00 g/dL). Penilaian status gizi menunjukkan kondisi yang beragam di antara pasien, dengan 52,14% memiliki status gizi normal berdasarkan perhitungan IMT (rata-rata 24,31±4,26 kg/m²), sementara 12,82% tergolong underweight, dan 35,04% masuk dalam kategori overweight/obesitas. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar hemoglobin dan status gizi (p=0,997, r=-0,052), mengindikasikan bahwa parameter tersebut dipengaruhi secara independen oleh faktor yang berbeda. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan yang komprehensif dan individual dalam penanganan pasien hemodialisis, khususnya fokus pada pengobatan anemia melalui pemberian ESA dan suplementasi besi. Selain itu, pemantauan status gizi secara berkala menggunakan metode yang lebih akurat seperti Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) direkomendasikan untuk memastikan perawatan pasien yang optimal dan hasil yang lebih baik.
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