Imam Al-Shafi’i’s Thought on Human Obligations and Rights in Islamic Law
Abstract
Human rights are topics that are constantly debated without a unified definition. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze human rights from the perspective of the Imam school of thought by using the analysis of Imam Al-Shafi’i. It adopted a qualitative approach using the library research method based on data management obtained from several pieces of literature. Furthermore, this study used a normative approach by adapting several books by Imam Al-Shafi’i. According to Imam Al-Shafi’I, human obligations and rights in Islamic law are inseparable, and Muslims should examine the past to comprehend the origins and evolution of these concepts. In addition, human rights are a basic concept, as seen in Al-Umm and Al-Risālah. These texts are quite unconventional for people to study human rights. The work and application imposed by Imam Al-Shafi’i are not different from what is explained by several figures of thinkers from the West. The application found a match after seeing several figures’ development of human rights thought. Therefore, contemporary Muslim scholars should prioritize the issue of human obligations and rights in providing legal solutions.
References
Abel, Patrick. “Counterclaims Based on International Human Rights Obligations of Investors in International Investment Arbitration.” Brill Open Law 1, no. September 2017 (2018): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1163/23527072-00101003.
Ahmad, Md Mokhter, and Imām Muḥammad b. Idrīs al- Shāfiʿī. “Reviewing Imām Al-Shāfiʿī’s Tafsīr Āyāt Al-Aḥkām for Developing Principles of Contemporary Tafsīr Literature.” IIUC Studies (Research Journal of the International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC)) 10–11, no. December (2014): 9–38.
Al-Baweany, Izul Herman. “Dialektika Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Internasional Dengan Hukum Islam (Tela’ah Terhadap Pemikiran Mashood A. Baderin).” Legitima 1, no. 1 (2018): 62–77.
Añón, María José. “Human Rights Obligations, Especially, in Times of Crisis.” Age of Human Rights Journal 17, no. 17 (2021): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17561/TAHRJ.V17.6406.
Aripin, Rahmat Ari. “Kewenangan Wali Dalam Menentukan Pernikahan Janda Yang Belum Dewasa Menurut Imam Al-Syafi’I.” Al-Fikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 18, no. 1 (2020): 28. https://doi.org/10.24014/af.v18i1.7062.
Fadli, Muhammad Rijal. “Tinjauan Historis: Pemikiran Hukum Islam Pada Masa Tabi’in.” Tamaddun 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–20.
Hazrazil, and Irfan Lewa. “Return of Stored Goods ; Comparative Analysis of the Laws between the Al-Shafi ’ i and the Hanafi School.” Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab 3, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.v3i2.22272.
Huda, Afiful, and Febriyani Dyah Ayi Wardana. “Ta’liq Talak Perspektif Imam Syafi’i Dan Imam Ibn Hazm.” Usratuna 4, no. 1 (2020).
Hutabarat, Dany Try Hutama, Zenny Fransisca, Fauziah Ritonga, Dinda Julita Pardede, Salsabila Almas, Nandra Astuti Sikumbang, Mutiara, et al. “Understanding and Describing Relationship of State Law and Human Right.” Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business (Jhssb) 1, no. 1 (2021): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v1i1.63.
Î, Tafsîr Al-imâm Al- Shâfi, and M Masykur Abdillah. “Metode Penafsiran Al- Shâfi‘î Dalam Tafsîr Al-Imâm Al- Shâfi‘Î.” Mutawatir: Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadis 2, no. 2 (2012).
Iskandar, Ariesman, and Iman Afandi. “DEATH PENALTY FOR KILLING NON-MUSLIMS (COMPARATIVE STUDY PRIEST ABŪ ḤANĪFAH AND PRIEST AL-SYĀFI’Ī).” Bustanul Fuqaha: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (2021): 98–109.
Kaya, Pir Ali, and Isin Ulas Ertugrul Yilmazer. “The Right to Work as a Fundemantal Human Right.” European Scientific Journal ESJ 15, no. 14 (2019): 151–74. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n14p151.
Kementerian Agama RI. Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemahannya. Jakarta: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI, 2019. https://lajnah.kemenag.go.id/unduhan/category/3-terjemah-al-qur-an-tahun-2019.
Laurensius Arliman S, Muhammad Afif. “Protection Of Children’s Rights Of The Islamic And Constitutional Law Perspective Of The Republic Of Indonesia.” Internasional Conference on Humanity, Law and Sharia (ICHLaSh), no. 17 (2018): 135–40.
McGregor, Lorna, Daragh Murray, and Vivian Ng. “International Human Rights Law as a Framework for Algorithmic Accountability.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 2 (2019): 309–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589319000046.
Mufid, Moh. “ASPEK SOSIOLOGIS FIKIH IMAM AL-SYAFI ’I.” Syariah 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–12.
Muhammad Taufan Djafry. “Metode Ijtihād Imam Al-Syāfi’Ī Dalam Kitab Al-Risālah.” NUKHBATUL ’ULUM,Jurnal Bidang Kajian Islam 2, no. 1 (2016): 1–19.
Quintavalla, Alberto, and Klaus Heine. “Priorities and Human Rights.” International Journal of Human Rights 23, no. 4 (2019): 679–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2018.1562917.
Quzack, Lanelle E., Grace Picard, Stacie M. Metz, and Christina M. Chiarelli-Helminiak. “A Social Work Education Grounded in Human Rights.” Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 6, no. 1 (2021): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-020-00159-5.
Regilme, Salvador Santino F. “The Global Politics of Human Rights: From Human Rights to Human Dignity?” International Political Science Review 40, no. 2 (2019): 279–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118757129.
Safi, Louay M. “Human Rights and Islamic Legal Reform.” Islamic Resources Repository, 2000.
Safii, Randi. “Al-Sūrah Al-Tasybīhīyah: Nażharīyyatuhā Wa Ma’ānīhā Fī Asy’āri Al-Imām Al- Syāfī’ī.” ’A Jamiy: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab 10, no. 1 (2021): 64–77.
Santoro, Michael, and Robert Shanklin. “Human Rights Obligations of Drug Companies.” Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 5 (2020): 557–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1820315.
Sekalala, Sharifah, Haleema Masud, and Rebekah Thomas Bosco. “Human Rights Mechanisms for Anti-Corruption, Transparency and Accountability: Enabling the Right to Health.” Global Health Action 13, no. sup1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1699343.
Theilen, Jens T. “The Inflation of Human Rights: A Deconstruction.” Leiden Journal of International Law 34, no. 4 (2021): 831–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156521000297.
Wan Hassan, Wan Zulkifli bin, Luqman Hj Abdullah, and Saadan Man. “Pemikiran Imam Al-Syafi’i Mengenai Sadd Al-Dhara`i’ Sebagai Sumber Hukum.” Jurnal Fiqh 5 (2008): 97–116. https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol5no1.5.
Završnik, Aleš. “Criminal Justice, Artificial Intelligence Systems, and Human Rights.” ERA Forum 20, no. 4 (2020): 567–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-020-00602-0.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.