Exploring al-Shāfi'ī and Hanafī Perspectives on Local Beliefs
The Sacred Status of Karaeng Lolo Bayo's Shrine in Sanrobone, Indonesia
Abstract
The increasing belief of the Sanrobone community in the sanctity of Karaeng Lolo Bayo's Tomb is rooted in the significant contributions made while alive, and the deep influence has cultivated a lasting sense of reverence among its members. Therefore, this research was conducted to report the public belief in the sacred grave of Karaeng Lolo Bayo within the Sanrobone community. The belief was subject to analysis through a comparative examination of the two main schools of Islamic fiqh, Hanafiyah and al-Shafi'iyah, specifically concerning the pilgrimage activities associated with the grave. Primary data collection was conducted using interviews with several community leaders, visitors, and experts in related fields. Meanwhile, observation and documentation were used to analyze the data obtained through the interview method. The results showed that the tradition of grave pilgrimage in the Sanrobone community serves the purpose of honoring their ancestors and enabling community members to engage in prayer rituals at the gravesite. The al-Shafi'i madhhab and the Hanafi madhhab literature permitted this tradition in line with the fundamental principles of Islam, maintained simplicity, and avoided acts associating partners with Allah.
References
Aarifah, F. A., & Zain, M. I. H. (2020). Tombs of Imogiri Kings: Community Perspective in Their Relationship of Functional Theory. Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, 9(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v9i1.5360
Al-Rashed, J. M. (2022). The Vague characters from the sheikhs of Imam Al- Shafi ’ i in his Musnad : A Critical study. Researcher Journal For Islamic Science, 1(2), 25–54. https://doi.org/10.37940/RJIS.2022.1.2.2
Ayoub, S. (2016). “The Sulṭān Says”: State Authority in the Late Ḥanafī Tradition. Islamic Law and Society, 23(3), 239–278. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43997268
Azis, D. K., & Lestari, T. (2020). Religious Values and the Grave Pilgrimage Tradition of Sheikh Baribin’s Tomb in Sikanco Village, Nusawungu District, Cilacap. Pusaka: Jurnal Khazanah Keagamaan, 8(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.31969/pusaka.v8i1.338
Bako, A. (2022). Some Muslims Views on Grave and Benefits of its Visit to the Life of Contemporary Muslims. Direct Research Journal of Social Science and Educational Studies (DRJSSES), 10(9), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.26765/drjsses18542083
Beránek, O., & Ťupek, P. (2018). Graves and Shrines in Medieval Islam: From Pre-Islamic Times to Ibn Taymiyya’s Legacy. In The Temptation of Graves in Salafi Islam: Iconoclasm, Destruction and Idolatry. Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417570.003.0002
Daud, Z. F. M. (2021). Fiqh Across Madhhabs : An Alternative to Pesantren Students ’ School of Thought Exclusivism in the Post- Truth Era The schools of thought ( madhhabs ) within fiqh ( Islamic jurisprudence ) are one of the ijtihad products explored by qualified Muslim juris. Mazahib: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 20(1), 143–168. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v20i1.3081
F, N. (2022). Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Tradisi Ziarah Kubur di Makam Mbah Lancing (Kyai Baji) Kecamatan Mirit Kabupaten Kebumen. UIN Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto.
Faidah, M. (2022). Pilgrims’ Spiritual Practices at The Tomb of Sunan Giri During the Covid Pandemic. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities 2021 (IJCAH 2021), 618(Ijcah), 1010–1014. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211223.177
Halabi, A. (2018). The Transformation of the Prophet Moses Festival in Late Ottoman Jerusalem (1850-1917): From Traditional Pilgrimage to Civil Ritual. Journal of Ritual Studies, 32(2), 1–15. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45217795
Hellman, J. (2019). Pilgrim guides and pilgrims in productive complicity: Making the invisible visible in West Java. Tourist Studies, 19(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617723765
Hidayat, A. T., Rosadi, A., Sudarman, & Antony, I. (2022). Cultural and Religious Symbols in the Tradition of Pilgrimage to the Grave of Sheikh Burhanuddin. Tsaqafah Jurnal Peradaban Islam, 18(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7640
Hobson, N. M., Schroeder, J., Risen, J. L., Xygalatas, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2017). The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317734944
Irfannuddin, M., & Darmawan, D. (2021). The Tradition of The Grave Pilgrimage According to The Hadith of The Prophet. Gunung Djati Conference Series, 4, 276–287. https://conferences.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/gdcs/article/view/308
Ismail, A. A., & Muhammad, M. M. (2021). Fundamental Weights in the most Correct Wording of the and its Jurisprudential Applications According to Judge Zakaria Al-Ansari in his Book The Purpose of Access in Explaining the Core of the Principles (The Issue of Privatization as a Model). Islamic Science Journal, 12(2), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.25130/jis.21.12.2.5
Jamil, A., Briandana, R., Hannan, A., & Mohd Sofian, M. R. (2022). Pilgrimage as a form of transcendental communication: A study at the burial site of Habib Abdurrahman bin Abdullah Al-Habsyi. Islamic Communication Journal, 7(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.21580/icj.2022.7.2.12526
Kamaruddin, & Mokodenseho, S. (2022). A Debate on the Islamic Practice of Pilgrimage to the Grave: Study of the Hadīth on Grave Pilgrimage for Women. Al Quds : Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v6i2.4390
Lambropoulos, V. (2001). Syncretism as Mixture and as Method. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 19, 221–235. https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/vlambropoulos/wp-content/uploads/sites/718/2019/05/lambropoulos_2001_syncretism-as-mixture-and-as-method.pdf
Latifah, E. (2023). Pilgrimage Tradition in Javanese Society from the Perspective of Max Scheler’s Philosophy of Value. An-Nur Jurnal Studi Islam, 15(1), 153–175. https://doi.org/10.37252/annur.v15i1.437
Luz, N. (2023). Transformations in Islamic Pilgrimage Patterns and Meanings: Piety, Politics, Resistance, and Places of Memory in Islamic Pilgrimage Sites in Israel/Palestine. Religions, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081043
Madelo, N. Q. (2015). The Influence of spirituality of Teachers and Moral Values of Students on the 21st century skills development of students. International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 2(4), 22–61. www.noveltyjournals.com
Margry, P. J. (2008). Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World: New Itineraries into the Sacred. Amsterdam University Press. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5a7a3e31-83b7-4659-85be-5d40101f4280/340101.pdf
Mirdad, J., Helmina, H., & Admizal, I. (2022). The Grave Pilgrimage Tradition: Motives and Activities of Pilgrims at Sacred Tombs. Khazanah, 12(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v12i1.643
Mohamed, A. S. H., & Al-Hiti, M. N. I. R. (2023). The manifestation of the hidden facts from the clear sea of Imam Khair al-Din al-Ramli al-Hanafi (D: 1081AH) From the beginning of the book Borders to the chapter of Ta’zir study and investigation. Anbar University Journal of Islamic Sciences, 14(3), 35–90. https://doi.org/10.34278/aujis.2023.177959
Nel, P. (2017). Syncretism, Hybridity and Ambivalence: Probing the Concepts in Religious Discourse With Reference To Sacred Site Dynamics in South Africa. Scriptura, 116(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7833/116-1-1340
Nizar, M. C. (2017). Qaul Shahabi and its Application in Contemporary Fiqh. Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Dan Penelitian Hukum Islam, 1(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.30659/jua.v1i1.1968
Nujaim, Z. al-D. ibnu. (2000). Al-Asybah wa al-Nadhāir. Al-Asybah wa al-Nadhāir.
Nwokoha, P. A. (2020). Rites and Rituals for the Dead: Bases for Good Moral Behaviour in Ezzaland, Nigeria. IUNIZIK Nternational Journal of Religion & Human Relation, 12(1), 61–85. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrhr/article/view/197452
Putri, B. N., & Nawawi, R. (2021). Sundanese Marriage Custom in Islamic Law Perspective. Shakhsiyah Burhaniyah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam, 6(2), 129–150. https://doi.org/10.33752/sbjphi.v6i2.3949
Ranteallo, I. C., Palinggi, S., Alam, M., Kolopaking, L. M., Lubis, D. P., Zuhud, E. A. M., Andilolo, I. R., Nasution, A. H., & Arifin, M. Z. (2021). Performing Toraja rice ritual, communicating biodiversity on YouTube: A study of conservation on rice landrace. ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 6(2), 143–169. https://doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v6i2.14713
Rizal, M., & Bahri, A. H. (2022). Imam Al-Shafi’i’s Thought About Human Obligations and Rights in Islamic Law. Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab, 4(1), 49–70. https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.vi.25461
Sinaga, I., Nurhayati, & Affendi Mohmad Razali, H. (2022). Legal Pluralism in the Context of the Distribution of Women’s Inheritance. Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab, 4(1), 107–131. https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.vi.29786
Sobry, M., & Purnamasari, T. I. (2021). Motivation and Experience of Sacred Tomb Pilgrimage: Learnings from the Sasak Tribe Lombok. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 9(4), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.21427/07B2-EF17
Stewart, D. (1997). ḥusayn b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-ʿāmilī’s Treatise for Sultan Suleiman and the Shīʿī Shāfiʿī Legal Tradition. Islamic Law and Society, 4(2), 156–199. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568519972599833
Supe’i, & Ayubi, S. Al. (2022). Living Quran : Tabaruk Tradition in The Practice of The Book of Nurul Burhan at Nahdlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School. Al-Qalam, 39(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v39i1.6372
Syandri, Iskandar, & Kadir, S. (2020). The Post-Marriage Grave Pilgrimage Tradition: A Case Study of Manisa Village, Baranti Sub-district, Sidrap District, South Sulawesi. Bustanul Fuqaha: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam, 1(3), 272–293. https://doi.org/10.36701/bustanul.v3i1.159
Syarif, Z., & Gaffar, A. (2019). Sketch Out the Myth of Wisdom and Blessing of Islamic Boarding School. Ijtimā’iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research, 4(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v4i2.3027
Tariq, T. (2020). Muslimah in Mourning: Examining Muslim Women’s Acces to the Islamic Cemetery. Journal of Ritual Studies, 34(2), 41–52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48653333
Udin, M. S., & Hakim, L. (2020). The fuzzy sacredness aura and cyber-based da’wah redrawing karamah of tuan guru within the belief system of sasak muslims. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 14(2), 457–476. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2020.14.2.457-476
Utama, B. B., Hayati, F. K., & Alfaniah, Z. (2019). The Transition between Animism and Dynamism Belief to Islamic Culture Found in Sang Pencerah Movie. 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education), 84–89. https://proceeding.unikal.ac.id/index.php/nspbi/article/download/258/197/
Wani, N. U. I. (2018). Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and Modern Practices. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 35(4), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i4.474
Wessing, R. (2004). The Potent Dead. Ancestors, Saints and Heroes in Contemporary Indonesia, Henri Chambert-Loir & Anthony Reid (eds.). Recherche En Sciences Humaines Sur l’Asie Du Sud-Est, 7, 143–148. https://doi.org/10.4000/moussons.2520
Wheeler, B. (1999). Models of Pilgrimage: From Communitas to Confluence. Journal of Ritual Studies, 13(2), 26–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44368560
Interviews
Manye, S. D. (2023). Interview with Community.
Nambung, M. D. (2023). Interview with Community.
Ngago, J. D. (2023). Interview with Community.
Ngeppe, R. D. (2023). Interview with Community.
Nompo, D. (2023). Interview with Community.
Nurliah. (2023). Interview with Community.
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Irfan Hasanuddin, Muhammad Sabir Maidin, Rahmatiah HL, Rahmadani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.