Perang Salib dalam Bingkai Sejarah
Abstrak
The Crusades were the Christians regarded as holy war (holy war), because it is seen as a war motivated by religious zeal , but the real motivation of religion in this war only take the smallest part compared with other motivations such as political and economic motivation motivation. Crusade between Muslims and Christians lasted for two centuries, and kemenanganpun alternated achieved by both parties. But the important notes in the event that the huge losses suffered by the people of the destruction of structures in both physical and social and psychological condition of the Muslims, because this war took place in the Islamic world. And instead provide a positive impact on the world, especially Europe to influence the progress of European civilization.Referensi
Abdul Fattah, Said., Asyur al-Harakat al-Salibiyah, Juz II, Kairo: Maktabat al-Andalus, 1976.
Departemen Agama, Ensiklopedi Islam III, Jakarta: Anda Utama, 1993.
Dewan Redaksi, Ensiklopedia Islam, Jakarta: Ikhtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 1993
Harun, Yahya, Perang Salib dan Pengaruhnya di Eropa, Yogyakarta: Bina Usaha, 1987.
Hitti, Philip, K, The Arabs a Short History, diterjemahkan oleh Ushuluddin Hutagalung
...........dan O.D.P Sihombing, Dunia Arab: Sejarah Ribgkas, Cet. VII; Bandung: Sumur Bandung, t.th.
Ibrahim Hasan, Hasan, Tarikh al-Islam, Juz IV, Kairo: Maktabah al-Nahdhah al-Misriyyah, 1967.
Nasution, Harun, Islam Ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspek, Jilid I, Jakarta:UI Press, 1985.
Said Abdul Fattah, Asyur, Al-Harakah Ash Shalibiyah, diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Marhrus Muslim, Kronologi Perang Salib, Cet I; Jakarta: Fikahati Aneska, 1993.
Shalabi, Ahmad, Mausu’ah al-Tarikh al-Islamy al-Hadharah al-Islamiyah, Mesir: Maktabah al-Nahdhah, 1977.
Shalabi, Mahmud, Shalah al-Din al-Ayyuby, diterjemahkan oleh mahmadiy, Salahuddin al-Ayyubi, Pahlawan Perang
Salib, Solo: Pustaka Mantiq.Syo’yb, Joesoef, Sejarah
Daulah Abbasiyah, Jilid III, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1977.
Tajuddin, Abdul Rahman, Dirasat Fi al-Tarikh al-Islami, Kairo: Maktabah Al-Sunnahal-Muhammadiyah, 1953.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
- granted to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
- permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work.
- continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA license
- receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.
