فلسفة الوجودية الصوفية؛ أصلها الديني وموقف العلماء منها
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حاولت هذه الدراسة الكشف عن فلسفة وحدة الوجود في التصوف الإسلامي والفلسفي، وتتكون قضية هذه الدراسة من الأسئلة الآتية: ما هي أصول فلسفة وحدة الوجود في الدين الإسلامي؟ كيف موقف العلماء من فلسفة وحدة الوجود؟ وأمّا نوع البحث المستخدم في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي النوعي وطريقة جمع البيانات هي الطريقة المكتبية، وتحليلها عن طريق تحليل علم الكلام. ونتيجة البحث تجيب عن الأسئلة المذكورة وهي: أن أصحاب فلسفة وحدة الوجود اعتمدت إلى مصدر قرآني ونبوي، والنبوي يشتمل على الأحاديث القدسية والأحاديث الشريفة، في دعم عقيدتهم الوجودية. وأما موقف العلماء في تقدير فلسفة وحدة الوجود فهم منقسمون إلى فريقين متعارضين: فريق يرى أنها تتمشى مع روح العقيدة الصحيحة وفريق يرى أنها خارجة عن عقيدة الإسلام الصحيحة. والمستفاد من هذه الدراسة وهو أن فلسفة وحدة الوجود من المذاهب الصوفية اعتنقها كثير من أتباع الصوفية الذين يعيشون في المجتمع قديما وحديثا، وهم لا يخرجون عن عقيدة الإسلام الصحيحة.
This research reveals the philosophy of pantheism (wahdatul wujud) in Islamic tasawwuf and philosophical tasawwuf with the aim of exploring the basic philosophy of pantheism in Islam and how the ulama's attitude towards the philosophy of pantheism. This research used descriptive qualitative, library research data methods (library research) and data analysis using kalam science analysis. The results showed that: Adherents of the philosophy of pantheism were guided by the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet, both the qudsi and nabaw’s hadits of the prophet in supporting their faith. the attitude of the scholar in assessing pantheism, they are divided into two groups with different opinions. Groups who argue that the philosophy of pantheism is in accordance with the correct Islamic creed, and groups who argue that this philosophy deviates from Islamic creeds. The implication of this research shows that the philosophy of pantheism is one of the Sufism schools adopted by many Sufis who are present in society, both traditional and modern societies. They actually do not deviate from the true Islamic creed.
Penelitian ini mengungkap filsafat panteisme (wahdatul wujud) di dalam tasawwuf Islam dan tasawwuf filosofis, dengan tujuan menggali dasar filsafat panteisme di dalam Islam dan bagaimana sikap ulama terhadap filsafat panteisme. Jenis penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data bersifat penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan analisis data mempergunakan analisis ilmu kalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Penganut filsafat panteisme berpedoman pada al-Qur'an dan Hadis Nabi saw., baik hadis qudsi maupun hadis nabawi dalam menyokong akidah mereka. Adapun sikap ulama di dalam menilai filsafat panteisme, mereka terbagi dua golongan yang berbeda pendapat. Ada golongan yang berpendapat bahwa filsafat panteisme sesuai dengan akidah Islam yang benar, dan ada golongan yang berpendapat bahwa filsafat tersebut melenceng dari akidah Islam. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filsafat panteisme merupakan salah satu aliran tasawwuf yang dianut oleh banyak kaum sufi yang hadir di masyarakat, baik masyarakat tradisional maupun masyarakat moderen. Mereka sebenarnya tidak melenceng dari akidah Islam yang benar.
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