التجديد في النحو: دراسة مذهب الخطيب الشربيني اللغوي في تفسيره السراج المنير / RESTORATION IN ARABIC GRAMMAR: A REFLECTION OF AL-KHATIB AL-SHERBINI'S LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLE IN HIS INTERPRETATION OF AL-SIRAJ AL-MUNIR
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Abstract
حاولت هذه الدراسة الكشف عن مذهب الخطيب الشربيني اللغوي من خلال آرائه المتناثرة في تفسيره ((السراج المنير)) وتتكون قضية هذه الدراسة من الأسئلة الآتية: كيف أسس مذهب الخطيب الشربيني؟ وكيف موقفه من أصول الاحتجاج؟ وكيف موقفه من اللغويين؟ وأمّا نوع البحث المستخدم في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي النوعي وطريقة جمع البيانات هي الطريقة المكتبية، وتحليلها عن طريق تحليل لغوي. ونتيجة البحث تجيب عن الأسئلة المذكورة وهي: مذهب الخطيب الشربيني اللغوي قام على عدة أسس منها؛ نزعته الاجتهادية التي تدل على شخصيته اللغوية القوية والبعد عن التكلف والتأويل. اهتم أكثر اهتمام بالشواهد اللغوية من الآيات القرآنية وقراءاتها، والأحاديث النبوية، وأشعار العرب، واعتمد على القياس اللغوي في مذهبه اللغوي. اعتمد كثيراً في مذهبه اللغوي على كتب النحاة، ومعاني القرآن، وكتب التفسير، وذلك واضح في موقفه مع صاحب تلك الكتب كالخليل وسيبويه، والكسائي، والزمخشري، وأبي حيان، وابن هشام، وغيرهم من العلماء. والمستفاد من هذه الدراسة وهو أخذ العبرة بأن الدراسات اللغوية تقوم على التحليل والتعليل والمناقشة مستندة إلى أدلة وتعليلات. هذه الدراسة تقوي الفكر اللغوي، بسبب ما فيه من مسائل نحوية ولغوية دقيقة.
كلمة السر: الخطيب الشربيني، السراج المنير، مذهب لغوي
ABSTRACT
This study aims to reveal the linguistic flow of Khatib El-Sherbiny through his opinions scattered in the book El-Siraj El-Munir. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, data collection uses library research method and data analysis uses linguistic analysis. The results showed that Khatib Al-Sherbiny's linguistic school was based on several principles, including his ijtihad tendency to show that he had a strong linguistic personality and was far from affection and interpretation (ta'wil). Khatib Al-Sherbiny is very concerned with linguistic evidence derived from the verses of the Qur'an and its reading models, hadith, Arabic poetry, and uses analogies (qiyas) in his linguistic flow. Khatib Al-Sherbiny sticks to books written by linguists and commentators in his linguistic stream. This is evident through his attitude towards linguistics and commentators such as Al-Khalil, Sibawaih, Al-Kisaiy, Al-Zamakhsyariy, Abu Hayyan, Ibn Hisham and others. The implication of this research is to learn that linguistic studies are based on analysis, reasoning and discussion based on authentic arguments. This research strengthens linguistic thinking and analysis because it includes targeted linguistic problems.
Keywords: Khatib El-Sherbiny; El-Siraj El-Munir; Linguistic Concept
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berupaya mengungkap aliran linguistik Khatib El-Sherbiny melalui pendapatnya yang bertebaran di dalam kitab El-Siraj El-Munir. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data bersifat penelitian kepustakaan dan analisis data mempergunakan analisis linguistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aliran linguistik Khatib Al-Sherbiny berdasrkan pada beberapa prinsip, termasuk kecenderungan ijtihadnya menunjukkan beliau memiliki personal linguistik yang kuat dan jauh dari afektasi dan interpretasi (ta'wil). Khatib Al-Sherbiny sangat peduli pada bukti-bukti linguistik yang berasal dari ayat-ayat Al-Quran dan model bacaannya, hadis, dan puisi Arab, serta mempergunakan analogi (qiyas) dalam aliran linguistiknya. Khatib Al-Sherbiny berpegang teguh pada buku karangan para pakar linguistik dan pakar tafsir di dalam aliran linguistiknya. Hal tersebut terbukti melalui sikap beliau terhadap para pakar linguistik dan tafsir seperti Al-Khalil, Sibawaih, Al-Kisaiy, Al-Zamakhsyariy, Abu Hayyan, Ibn Hisyam dan lain-lain. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah menjadikan pelajaran bahwa studi-studi lingusitik itu berdasarkan analisis, penalaran dan diskusi berlandaskan dalil yang otentik. Penelitian ini memperkuat pemikiran dan analisis linguistik karena di dalamnya mencakup problematika linguistik yang tepat sasaran.
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