Mugniy Al-Labib (Telaah Terhadap Kaidah Linguistik Ibn Hisyam)
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Abstract
Ibnu Hisyam adalah salah seorang pakar di bidang Nahwu. Nama lengkapnya ialah Abu Muhammad Abdullah Jamaluddin bin Yusuf bin Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Hisyam al-Anshariy al-Mishriy. Ia dilahirkan di Mesir pada tahun 708 H./1309 M. Popularitas Ibnu Hisyam dalam ilmu Nahwu sama kedudukan seorang mujtahid. Beliau memprakarsai kajian-kajian Nahwu secara ilmiah, dan bahkan Ibnu Khaldun menganggapnya lebih pakar di bidang Nahwu daripada Sibawaihi. Sebagai seorang yang aktif di berbagai lembaga pendidikan, ia menyusun sederetan karya untuk menuangkan ide-ide cemerlangnya, di antaranya yang paling monumental ialah Mugniy al-Labib 'An Kutub al-A'arib. Ibnu Hisyam memiliki sikap yang sangat prinsipil dalam bidang qawaid, dan yang paling menonjol ialah lebih mengutamakan mengambil pola perubahan kata berdasarkan sima' (pendengaran) daripada berdasarkan qiyas (analogi) dalam menetapkan kaidah nahwu dan sharf. Sebagai konsekuensi dari sikap tersebut, maka tidak dianggap aneh jika dalam hal-hal tertentu mengukuhkan salah satu pendapat yang dianggapnya benar karena ditemukan adanya naskah sima'iy yang mendukungnya.
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