The Portrait of Islamic Arab Descendant Community in Maintaining Identity and Diversity in Bali
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Abstract
The existence of a Muslim community of Arab descent in Bali has existed since Bali was still a kingdom. The existence of this community as an ethnic and religious minority does not exclude it from Balinese Hindu culture. It still exists with distinctive physical and cultural characteristics. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the existence, implementation of religious and cultural rituals, as well as the role of Arab descendants in maintaining inter-religious harmony in Bali. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection through: in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data is processed and analyzed using interactive qualitative analysis techniques. Research findings: First, that the Muslim minority of Arab descent in Bali has an existence to this day, namely by its existence inhabiting areas called “Arab Villages”. Apart from that, some families also dispersed to areas outside Arab Village as a form of survival. Its existence can also be seen from the ancestral culture that is still maintained, especially in religious celebrations. Second, as a minority community with identification as Muslims, they continue to maintain religious rituals as devout Muslims. They are also active in holding family recitations as gatherings between extended families. Apart from that, ancestral cultures such as Arabic dialect are still used in internal family conversations. Third, as a minority community, the Arab community in Bali actively tries to identify themselves as Balinese. The Arab community in Bali is an inclusive community. They actively blend into Balinese society which reflects it as a tolerant society. Those phenomena can be used as reference material in realizing a harmonious life in a pluralistic society and in responding to negative attitudes or views regarding Islam and Arab descendants today, due to differences in political views as well.
الملخص
كان وجود مجتمع مسلم من أصل عربي في بالي موجودًا منذ أن كانت بالي لا تزال مملكة. إن وجود هذا المجتمع كأقلية عرقية ودينية لا يستبعد هذا المجتمع من الثقافة الهندوسية البالية. ولا تزال موجودة بخصائص مادية وثقافية مميزة.الغرض من كتابة هذا المقال هو وصف وتحليل وجود وتنفيذ الطقوس الدينية والثقافية، فضلا عن دور المنحدرين من العرب في الحفاظ على الانسجام بين الأديان في بالي. يستخدم هذا البحث نهجا نوعيا. جمع البيانات من خلال: المقابلات المتعمقة، والملاحظة، والتوثيق. تتم معالجة البيانات وتحليلها باستخدام تقنيات التحليل النوعي التفاعلية. نتائج البحث: أولاً، أن الأقلية المسلمة ذات الأصول العربية في بالي لها وجود حتى يومنا هذا، وذلك من خلال تواجدها في مناطق تسمى "القرى العربية". وبصرف النظر عن ذلك، تفرقت بعض العائلات أيضًا إلى مناطق خارج القرية العربية كشكل من أشكال البقاء. كما يمكن رؤية وجودهم من خلال ثقافة الأجداد التي لا تزال قائمة، خاصة في الاحتفالات الدينية. ثانيًا، كمجتمع أقلية معروف كمسلمين، فإنهم يستمرون في الحفاظ على طقوسهم الدينية كمسلمين متدينين. كما أنهم ينشطون في إقامة التلاوات العائلية كتجمعات بين العائلات الممتدة. وبصرف النظر عن ذلك، لا تزال ثقافات الأجداد مثل اللهجة العربية تستخدم في المحادثات العائلية الداخلية. ثالثًا، كأقلية، تحاول الجالية العربية في بالي جاهدة تعريف نفسها على أنها من مواطني بالي. الجالية العربية في بالي هي مجتمع شامل. إنهم يندمجون بنشاط في المجتمع البالي مما يعكسه كمجتمع متسامح. أن نتائج هذا البحث يمكن استخدامها كمواد مرجعية في تحقيق حياة متناغمة في مجتمع تعددي. كما يمكن أن تكون نتائج هذا البحث مرجعا في الرد على المواقف أو وجهات النظر السلبية تجاه الإسلام وأحفاد العرب اليوم، بسبب اختلاف وجهات النظر السياسية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الاعتدال الديني، الأصل العربي، الهوية، التنوع
Abstrak
Keberadaan komunitas muslim keturunan Arab di Bali telah ada sejak Bali masih berbentuk kerajaan. Keberadaan komunitas tersebut sebagai etnis dan agama minoritas tidak membuat komunitas ini tersingkir dari budaya Hindu Bali. Mereka tetap ada dengan karakter khas secara fisik dan budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis bagaimana eksistensi, pelaksanaan ritual keagamaan dan budaya, serta peranan keturunan Arab dalam menjaga kerukunan antar umat beragama di Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif interaktif. Temuan penelitian: Pertama, bahwa Muslim minoritas keturunan Arab di Bali memiliki eksistensi sampai sekarang, yaitu dengan adanya keberadaan mereka mendiami daerah-daerah yang disebut “Kampung Arab”. Di samping itu, sebagian keluarga juga tersebar ke daerah-daerah di luar Kampung Arab sebagai bentuk mempertahankan keberlangsungan hidup. Eksistensi mereka juga terlihat dari budaya leluhur yang masih terjaga, khususnya dalam perayaan keagamaan. Kedua, sebagai sebuah komunitas minoritas dengan identifikasi sebagai muslim, mereka tetap menjaga ritual keagamaan sebagai muslim taat. Mereka juga aktif membuat pengajian-pengajian keluarga sebagai majelis silaturahmi antar keluarga besar. Disamping itu, budaya-budaya leluhur seperti dialek Arab masih dipakai dalam percakapan internal keluarga. Ketiga, sebagai komunitas minoritas, komunitas keturunan Arab di Bali secara aktif berusaha mengidentifikasi diri mereka menjadi orang Bali. Komunitas keturunan Arab di Bali menjadi komunitas yang inklusif. Mereka aktif membaur menjadi masyarakat Bali yang mencerminkan sebagai masyarakat yang toleran. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan referensi dalam mewujudkan kehidupan yang harmonis dalam masyarakat yang plural dan dapat menjadi referensi dalam menyikapi sikap-sikap atau pandangan negatif mengenai Islam dan keturunan Arab dewasa ini, karena perbedaan pandangan politik..
Kata Kunci: Moderasi Beragama; Keturunan Arab; Identitas; Keberagaman.
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