Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Liquid Waste from "X" Hospital in Kediri City
Keywords:
bacteria, waste, hospital, kediri
Abstract
Introdiction: Hospitals can not only be a place for people to seek treatment, but they can also get diseases, especially infectious diseases. One source of the spread of infectious diseases comes from hospital waste, so proper waste processing is needed. Hospital wastewater contains many pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus sp., Kluyvera sp., Enterobacter sakazaki, Klebsiella oxytoca and E.coli. This makes it necessary to manage hospital wastewater to prevent the spread of disease, especially by pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, research is still needed on the specific types of bacteria found in wastewater, including hospitals in Kediri City. Aims: to determine the types of pathogenic bacteria at the "X" hospital in Kediri City. Result: the density of bacteria in the bottom waste was greater than in the top and middle parts, with an average of 1,830 bacteria/100 ml. The results of the identification test showed that pathogenic bacteria contained in the waste from hospital "X" in Kediri City included Klebsiella (25%), E.coli (50%) and Pseudomonas (25%). Conclusion: The waste from "X" Hospital Kediri City contains three types of pathogenic bacteria: Klebsiella, E. coli, and Pseudomonas.
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References
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Astawa, I. B. B., & Tarini, N. M. A. (2017). Identifikasi Jenis Bakteri dalam Air Limbah di Rumah Sakit Sanglah. E-Jurnal Medika, 6(6), 1–6.
Bhandari, G., Chaudhary, P., Gangola, S., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Rafatullah, M., & Chen, S. (2023). A review on hospital wastewater treatment technologies: Current management practices and future prospects. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 56, 104516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104516
Cuetero-Martínez, Y., de Los Cobos-Vasconcelos, D., Aguirre-Garrido, J. F., Lopez-Vidal, Y., & Noyola, A. (2023). Next-generation sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 30(1), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867329666220802093415
Divyashree, M., Mani, M. K., & Karunasagar, I. (2022). Association of exopolysaccharide genes in biofilm developing antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater. Journal of Water and Health, 20(1), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.223
Fletcher, S. (2015). Understanding the contribution of environmental factors in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 20(4), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-015-0468-0
Gomes, A. É. I., Pacheco, T., Santos, C. da S. dos, Pereira, J. A., Ribeiro, M. L., Darrieux, M., & Ferraz, L. F. C. (2021). Functional insights from KpfR, a new transcriptional regulator of fimbrial expression that is crucial for Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenicity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 601921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.601921
Gönder, Z. B., Kara, E. M., Celik, B. O., Vergili, I., Kaya, Y., Altinkum, S. M., Bagdatli, Y., & Yilmaz, G. (2021). Detailed characterization, antibiotic resistance and seasonal variation of hospital wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 16380–16393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12221-w
Khan, M. A. S., Islam, Z., Shah, S. M. T., & Rahman, S. R. (2024). Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of Water and Health, 22(5), 825–834. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.294
Mahdi, A. B., & Gomes, C. (2019). Effects of microwave radiation on micro-organisms in selected materials from healthcare waste. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(3), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1741-8
Maina, & Susan Muthoni. (2020). Isolation of Bacteria and Prevalence of Resistant Genes in Isolates from Hospital Waste and Surfaces and its Management in Hospitals in Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
Osińska, A., Korzeniewska, E., Harnisz, M., & Niestępski, S. (2017). The prevalence and characterization of antibiotic-resistant and virulent Escherichia coli strains in the municipal wastewater system and their environmental fate. Science of the Total Environment, 577, 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.203
Paulshus, E., Kühn, I., Möllby, R., Colque, P., O’Sullivan, K., Midtvedt, T., Lingaas, E., Holmstad, R., & Sørum, H. (2019). Diversity and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli populations in hospital and community wastewater compared to wastewater at the receiving urban treatment plant. Water Research, 161, 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.102
Ranti, J. C. A., Sutanto, H. B., & Prihatmo, G. (2020). Efektivitas Sistem Constructed Wetland Dalam Menurunkan Jumlah Bakteri Patogen Pada Limbah Rumah Sakit. SAINTEK: Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Dan Teknologi Industri, 4(2), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.32524/saintek.v4i2.160
Sakkas, H., Bozidis, P., Ilia, A., Mpekoulis, G., & Papadopoulou, C. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens and detection of carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospital wastewater. Antibiotics, 8(3), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030085
Singh, D. (2023). Advances in industrial waste management. In Waste management and resource recycling in the developing world (pp. 385–416). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90463-6.00027-0
Suleyman, G., Alangaden, G., & Bardossy, A. C. (2018). The role of environmental contamination in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens and healthcare-associated infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 20, 1–11.
Winarti, C. (2020). Penurunan bakteri total coliform pada air limbah rumah sakit terhadap pengaruh lama waktu penyinaran dengan sinar ultra violet. Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-018-0620-2
Zhang, S., Li, X., Wu, J., Coin, L., O’brien, J., Hai, F., & Jiang, G. (2021). Molecular methods for pathogenic bacteria detection and recent advances in wastewater analysis. Water, 13(24), 3551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243551
Published
2024-11-29
How to Cite
Tri Ana Mulyati, Binti Mu’arofah, Fery Eko Pujiono, & Reza Alrayan. (2024). Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Liquid Waste from "X" Hospital in Kediri City. Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v7i2.50196
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