GAMBARAN MUAL-MUNTAH, GANGGUAN PENGECAPAN, DAN PEMILIHAN MAKANAN SPESIFIK PADA KEHAMILAN
Abstrak
Ibu hamil adalah salah satu kelompok yang rentan mengalami masalah gizi. Perubahan hormon pada ibu hamil diduga menjadi penyebab berubahnya kebiasaan makan ibu hamil, dan bila tidak diatasi, akan memengaruhi status gizinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui masalah yang memengaruhi asupan makan ibu hamil, meliputi emesis gravidarum, gangguan pengecapan, dan pemilihan makanan spesifik pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode consecutive sampling, dengan kriteria ibu hamil trimester pertama di Klinik Al-Syifa Palembang yang bersedia berpartisipasi. Data primer diambil melalui kuesioner dan wawancara pada 48 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 43 orang (89,6%) responden memiliki riwayat emesis gravidarum. Dua puluh delapan orang (58,3%) di antaranya termasuk dalam kategori emesis gravidarum derajat sedang, dan hanya 1 orang derajat berat (2,1%). Sebanyak 47 orang (97,7%) mengaku mengalami gangguan pengecapan. Ibu hamil pada penelitian ini cenderung lebih banyak mengalami penurunan pengecapan rasa manis, asin, pahit, dan asam. Total 33 ibu hamil (68,8%) menginginkan makanan spesifik dan 44 ibu hamil (91,7%) menghindari makanan tertentu. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara emesis gravidarum, gangguan pengecapan, dan pemilihan makanan spesifik pada ibu hamil terhadap pola makan secara maupun status gizinya.
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