Ekstrak Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak) sebagai Sabun Antibakteri yang Ramah Lingkungan
Abstrak
Surfaktan sintetik mencemari lingkungan dan menyebabkan iritasi kulit, sehingga diperlukan biosurfaktan alami. Buah lerak (Sapindus rarak) memiliki potensi sebagai biosurfaktan karena mengandung senyawa saponin sebesar 28% serta memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang potensial. Tujuan Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak buah lerak menggunakan tiga parameter: Zona Hambat, Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM), dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positif) dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negatif). Metode penelitian menggunakan Posttest Only Control Group Design menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak buah lerak terhadap flora normal pada permukaan kulit yaitu Staphylococcus aureus (Gram Positif) dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram Negatif). Seluruh hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA menggunakan SPSS IBM versi 22. Hasil penelitian Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum didapatkan sebesar 6,25% terhadap gram positif dan 1,56% terdapat gram negatif. Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum didapatkan sebesar 25% terhadap gram positif dan 50% terdapat gram negatif. Ekstrak konsentrasi 50% memiliki zona hambat terhadap gram positif dan gram negatif secara berurut: 21,53 dan 22,13 mm. Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa ekstrak buah lerak memiliki daya hambat sangat kuat terhadap bakteri gram positif dan negatif. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untuk pengembangan formulasi sabun antibakteri dari ekstrak buah lerak yang ramah lingkungan.
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