POTENSI LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM SEBAGAI INTERVENSI PENATALAKSANAAN KANKER KOLOREKTAL BERBASIS MODIFIKASI MIKROBIOTA USUS
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a cancer of the colon including the colon and rectum with symptoms such as blood in the stool, anemia, and abdominal pain. This is the third most common cancer worldwide and causes 30.017 cases in Indonesia on 2019. Current treatment of colorectal cancer includes the administration of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. However, they are considerably expensive and have many side effects. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is known to have an anticancer effect by influencing carcinogenesis in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stimulates anticancer immunity. This literature review aims to examine the potential of L. plantarum as an intervention in the management of colorectal cancer based on the modification of the gut microbiota. The writing method used is literature study by examining library sources from five research engines, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, Plos ONE, Nature, and Sciencedirect. After going through the screening, 79 relevant sources were obtained which were then processed and compiled systematically. L. plantarum suppresses proliferation by inhibiting G1 phase in the cell cycle and targetting ErbB2 and ErbB3. In addition, L. plantarum induces cell death (apoptosis) by activating Bcl-2. These bacteria also stimulate Th1 and inhibit Th2 immune responses.
ABSTRAK
Kanker kolorektal merupakan kanker pada usus besar meliputi kolon dan rektum dengan beberapa gejala seperti darah dalam tinja, anemia, dan nyeri perut. Kanker ini menempati peringkat ketiga di dunia dan menyebabkan 30.017 kasus di Indonesia pada tahun 2019. Penanganan kanker kolorektal saat ini meliputi pemberian obat anti-kanker, pembedahan, dan radioterapi. Akan tetapi, penanganan saat ini dinilai mahal dan menimbulkan efek samping. Salah satu mikrobiota usus, yaitu Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) diketahui memiliki efek antikanker dengan memengaruhi karsinogenesis pada proliferasi sel, apoptosis, dan sebagai imunoterapi. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengkaji sumber kepustakaan dari lima research engine yaitu Google Scholar, Pubmed, Plos ONE, Nature, dan Sciencedirect. Setelah melalui skrining diperoleh 79 sumber relevan yang kemudian diolah dan disusun secara sistematis. L. plantarum menekan proliferasi melalui mekanisme penghentian fase G1 pada siklus sel dengan target reseptor ialah ErbB2 dan ErbB3. Selain itu, L. plantarum mampu menginduksi kematian sel (apoptosis) dengan mediasi Bcl-2. Bakteri ini juga berperan dalam imunoterapi dengan menstimulasi Th1 dan menghambat Th2 pada host immune system. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi L. plantarum sebagai intervensi penatalaksanaan kanker kolorektal berbasis modifikasi mikrobiota usus.
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