EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN ALAS KAKI TERAPI UNTUK MENCEGAH LUKA KAKI DIABETIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIK REVIEW
Abstract
Salah satu komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah luka kaki diabetik (LKD) Yang prevalensinya terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya yang dapat menimbulkan amputasi hingga kematian. LKD dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan alas kaki terapi yang dapat menurunkan tekanan puncak plantar, mengurangi sakit pada kaki dan mencegah terjadinya LKD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan alas kaki terapi sebagai upaya untuk mencegah luka kaki diabetik pada pasien DM. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan sistematik dengan menggunakan penelusuran hasil-hasil publikasi ilmiah, yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2016 sampai 2021 melalui database dan website pencarian PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Wiley online library, dan DOAJ, kemudian mengikuti pedoman PRISMA serta pertanyaan penelitian menggunakan PICO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jika 11 artikel yang memenuhi syarat terdapat delapan artikel yang cross Sectional Study, satu artikel prospective study, satu artikel case study, dan 1 artikel cohort study. Enam artikel menyatakan jika alas kaki memberikan efek untuk mencegah LKD yaitu jika menggunakan alas kaki terapi secara teratur dengan model alas kaki terapi perpaduan antara insole yang lunak dan outsole serta midsole keras dan tali yang bisa diatur posisinya merupakan desain untuk mengurangi tekanan pada kaki pasien DM dan waktu penggunaannya pagi,siang dan malam baik itu di dalam maupun di luar ruangan. Lima artikel mengenai kepatuhan pasien dalam menggunakan alas kaki terapi yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim, ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan dan pendidikan perawatan kaki yang kurang. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan jika alas kaki terapi mampu mencegah LKD dan alas kaki terapi dapat direkomendasikan pada pasien DM baik yang ada klinik maupun di komunitas.
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