LEARNERS’ PERCEPTIONS CONSTRUCTION ON ENGLISH BEFORE LEARNING IN KAMPUNG INGGRIS: A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST STUDY
Abstract
This paper (1) explores learners’ initial perceptions of English, and (2) explains the development of the perceptions before coming to Kampung Inggris. This paper is based on ethnographic research using interpretivism as a paradigm to understand the learners’ perceptions. The research site was Kampung Inggris TulungRejo village, Pare, Kediri, East Java. The participants were the students in the village. The data were collected through interview. The data were analyzed using iterative model from Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2013). In this model, data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing/verification were used to analyze the data. In the data analysis process, multiple coding and categorizations were used to figure out patterns. The theoretical framework was used in data interpretation. This study found out that (1) the learners’ initial perception on English varied according to their experiences. Most of the perceptions before coming to Kampung Inggris were negative. These perception were affected by the learners’ learning process, the environment and the surrounding people. In the learners’ reality, English was viewed merely on its intrinsic feature. (2) The learners’ perception was developed due to their life experiences. After experiencing some turning points, they believed that English was important for their lives. This change of perception also changed their attitude and became their motivations in learning English in Kampung Inggris.Downloads
References
Alkaff, A. A. (2013). Students’ Attitudes and Perceptions towards Learning English. Arab World English Journal. 4(2): 106-121. Retrieved July 21, 2018, fromhttp://www.awej.org/index.php/volume-4-2013/41-awej-volume-4-number-2-2013/284-amal-ali-alkaff
Amineh, R. J. andAsl, H. D. (2015). Review of Constructivism and Social Constructivism. Journal of Social Sciences, Literature and Languages. 1(1): 9-16. Retrieved July 30, 2018, from http://www.blue-ap.org
/j/Journal_of_Social_Sciences,_Literature_and_Languages/Issue-Volume%201%20(2015)-Issue%2001
Andrews, T. (2012). What is Social Constructionism? The Grounded Theory Review, 11(1): 39–46. Retrieved February 20, 2016,from http://groundedtheoryreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/1101 _01.pdf
Berger, P. L., andLuckmann, T. (1991). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in The Sociology of Knowledge. London, UK: Penguin Books Ltd.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press.
British Council. (2013). The English Effect: The Impact of English, What It’s Worth to The UK and Why It Matters to The World.
Retrieved May 23, 2018, from britishcouncil.org/organisatoion/policy-insight-research/research/the-english-effect.
Brooks, J. G., and Brooks, M. G. (1999). In Search of Understanding: The Case for Constructivist Classroom. Alexandria. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Burbank, P. M. and Martins, D. C. (2009). Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Perspective: Divergent or Synergistic? Nursing Philosophy. 11: 25-41. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769x.2009.00421.x
Çetinkaya, Y. B. (2009). Language of Others: EFL Students’ Perception of And Attitude Towards English. Ç.Ü. SosyalBilimlerEnstitüsüDergisi. 18(1): 109–120 Retrieved July 21, 2018, from http://dergipark.gov.tr/cusosbil/issue/4381/60098
Burr, V. (1998). Overview: Realism, Relativism, Social Constructionism, and Discourse. In I. Parker (Ed.) Social Constructionism, Discourse and Realism (pp:13-26). London, UK: Sage Publication.
Dennis, A. (2011). Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnomethodology. Symbolic Interactionism. 34(3): 349-356. doi:10.1525/si.2011.34.3.349
Denzin, N. K. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnomethodology: A proposed Synthesis. American Social Review. 34(6): 922-934. doi:10.2307/2095982
Despagne, C. (2010). The difficulties of Learning English: Perceptions and Attitudes in Mexico. Canadian and International Education. 39(2): 55-74. Retrieved July 21, 2018, from http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cie-eci/vol39/iss2/5
Fetterman, D. M. (2008). Ethnography. In L. M. Given (Ed.)theSage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods(Vols. 1-2)(pp. 288-292). California: Sage Publication, Inc.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P. and Borg, J. R. (2003). Educational Research: An introduction (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Gergen, K. J. and Wortham, S. (2001). Social Construction in Pedagogical Practice. In K. J. Gergen (Ed.) Social Construction in Context (pp. 115-136). London: Sage Publication Ltd.
Harrison, A. K. (2014). Ethnography. In P. Leavy (Ed.)Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 223-253). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Hidayat, A. R. T., Surjono, and Kurniawan, E. B. (2011). PengaruhKeberadaan Kampung InggrisTerhadapGunaLahan dan SosialEkonomi Masyarakat di DesaTulungRejo dan DesaPelem, Kabupaten Kediri. Jurnal Tata Kota dan Daerah. 3(1): 11-18. Retrieved July 30, 2018, from tatakota.ub.ac.id/index.php/tatakota/arti cle/view/117
Jeon, Y. H. (2004). The Application of Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. Scan J Caring Sci. 18: 249-256. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00287.x
Jiménez, P. K. (2018). Exploring Students’ Perceptions About English Learning in A Public University. HOW. 25(1): 69-91. https://doi.org/10.19183/how.25.1.385
Kim, B. (2001). Social constructivism. In M. Orey (Ed.)Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, And Technology (pp. 55-61). Zurich, Switzerland: Global Text.
LeCompte, M. D. and Schensul, J. J. (2010). Designing and Conducting Ethnographic Research: An Introduction (Ethnographer’s Toolkit, Book 1). Plymouth: AltaMira Press.
__________________________. (2013). Essential Ethnographic Methods (Ethnographer’s Toolkit, Book 3). Plymouth: AltaMira Press.
Lichtman, R. (1970). Symbolic Interactionism and Social Reality: Some Marxist Queries. Berkeley Journal of Sociology. 15: 75-94. doi:10.2307/41035170
Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T. &Voegti, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice (2nd Ed.). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Onuf, N. (2012). Making Sense, Making Worlds: Constructivism in Social Theory and International Relation. New York, NY: Routledge.
Perez-Gore, I., McCormick, R., Burton, S., and Siddique, Md. A. (2014). Perceptions of English Language Learning and Teaching among Primary and Secondary Teachers and Students Participating in English in Action: Second Cohort (2013). English in Action, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrieved July 21, 2018, from http://oro.open.ac.uk/42302/
Rothbauer, P. M. (2008). Social Constructionism. In L. M. Given (Ed.)The sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (Vols. 1-2) (pp. 892-894). California: Sage Publication, Inc.
Searle, J. R. (1995). The Social Construction of Reality. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Setiawan, A. W. (2015). Attitudes towards Indonesian teachers of English and Implication for their professional identity. A Doctoral Thesis. University of Adelaide.Retrieved July 30, 2018, fromhttps://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/98639/2/02whole.pdf
Shenton, K. A. (2004). Strategies for Ensuring Trustworthiness in Qualitative Project. Education for Information. 22(2): 63-75.doi:10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
Wells, G. (2002). Learning and Teaching for Understanding: The Key Role of Collaborative Knowledge Building. In J. Brophy (Ed.) Social Constructivist Teaching: Affordances and Constraints (pp. 1-41). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Zacharias, N. T.(2003). A survey of tertiary teachers’ beliefs about English Language Teaching in Indonesia with regard to the role of English as a global language. A Thesis. Assumption University of Thailand. Retrieved July 20, 2018, fromhttps://www.asian-efl-journal.com/2327/thesis/a-survey-of-tertiary-teachers-beliefs-about-english-language-teaching-in-indonesia-with-regard-to-the-role-of-english-as-a-global-language/#squelch-taas-tab-content-0-3
Copyright notice:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)