SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN TAFSIR
Abstract
Abstrak
Kegiatan tafsir Al-Qu’ran telah dimulai sejak masa Nabi Muhammad Saw dan terus mengalami perkembangan dari masa ke masa, yaitu periode Nabi Muhammad Saw dan sahabatnya, periode tabi’in, dan periode modern. Dengan kembali mencermati sejarah perkembangan tafsir yang telah disinggung, maka tentu saja di setiap periode dan masa perkembangannya memiliki keunikan tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah perkembangan tafsir berdasarkan tiga periode yang telah disebutkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research (penelitian pustaka) dengan mengumpulkan informasi-informasi yang dibutuhkan pada berbagai sumber referensi seperti buku, catatan, ataupun artikel penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pada masa Nabi Muhammad Saw, kegiatan tafsir Al-Qur’an terus mengalami perkembangan hingga melahirkan aliran-aliran dan metode tafsir yang sangat beragam. Pada masa sahabat, Al-Qur’an ditafsirkan dengan metode riwayah atau terkadang ijtihad apabila sebuah ayat tidak ditafsirkan oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw. Pada masa tabi’in perkembangan tafsir ditandai dengan munculnya aliran-aliran tafsir di Mekah, Madinah, dan Irak. Perkembangan tafsir terus berlanjut hingga munculnya kitab-kitab tafsir yang terjadi pada periode tadwiin atau periode kodifikasi tafsir. Setelah masa ini, penafsiran Al-Qur’an memasuki periode modern yang ditandai dengan munculnya metode baru dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an, yakni metode maudhui.
Abstract
The activity of tafsir Qur'an has been started since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. and continues to develop from time to time, namely the period of the Prophet Muhammad. and his companions, the tabi'in period, and the modern period. By looking back at the history of the development of tafsir that has been alluded to, then of course each period and period of its development has its own uniqueness. This study aims to determine the history of the development of tafsir based on the three periods mentioned. The research method used is library research by collecting the required information from various reference sources such as books, notes, or research articles. The results of this study reveal that at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the activity of tafsir the Qur'an continues to develop until it gives birth to various schools and methods of tafsir. At the time of the Companions, the Qur'an was interpreted using the riwayah method or sometimes ijtihad if a verse was not interpreted by the Prophet Muhammad. During the tabi'in period, the development of tafsir was marked by the emergence of schools of tafsir in Mecca, Medina, and Iraq. The development of commentary continues until the emergence of books of tafsir that occur in the tadwiin period or the period of codification of tafsir. After this period, the tafsir of the Qur'an entered the modern period which was marked by the emergence of a new method of interpreting the Qur'an, namely the maudhui method.
Downloads
References
Az-Zarqani, M. A. al-A. (1995). Manāhil al-Irfān fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’ān. Dār al-Fikr.
Baidan, N. (2003). Perkembangan tafsir Al-Qur’an di Indonesia. Solo: Tiga Serangkai.
Dozan, W. (2019). Epistemologi tafsir klasik: Studi analisis pemikiran Ibnu Katsir. Falasifa, 10(2), 147–159.
Farmawy, A. al-H. (1977). Muqaddimah fī al-Tafsīr al-Mawdhu’iy. Kairo, Mesir: al-Hadhārah al-‘Arabiyah.
Fidaqi, M. bin A. al-A. (n.d.). al-Jadawil al-Jam’iyah fi ulum al-nafi’ah. Mesir: Dar al-Wafa.
Gusmian, I. (2003). Khazanah tafsir di Indonesia; dari hermeneutika hingga ideologi. Jakarta: Teraju.
Marjuni, A. (2021). Karakteristik nilai dan moralitas kepemimpinan pendidikan Islam. Al asma: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24252/asma.v3i1.19046
Qutaibah, I. (1983). Lihat nasikun, sejarah dan perkembangan tafsir. Yogyakarta: Bina Usaha.
Salim, H. A. M. (2005). Tafsir sebagai metodologi penelitian agama “Kata Pengantar” dalam M. Alfatih Suryadilaga, dkk (ed), Metodologi Ilmu Tafsir. Yogyakarta: Teras.
Schanht, I. G. dalam J. (1964). An introduction to Islamic law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Shalih, S. (1988). Mabāhit fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān (XVII). Bairut: Dār al-Ilmi al-Malāyin.
Zahabi, M. H. (1976). al-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn, juz I. Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).