Indonesian Pluralism and Democracy Under Challenge: A Social Reflection
Abstrak
Islamic puritanism in Indonesia is getting more and more stronger. Such strong growth of Islamic Puritanism in Indonesia , as he furthered, is playing an important role of the spread of Islamic radical ideology. pluralism would be pushed aside by the conservative Islamic scholars and ulamas in Indonesia, included in Muhammadiyah and NU themselves. Muhammadiyah and NU, the two Islamic bastions for pluralism and tolerance, have been facing strong pressure from of puritant Islamists and fundamentalists who advocate ‘’transnational Islam’’ for the ummah. Indonesian state and society under liberal democracy are still facing uncertainty in the near future because the weakness of law enforcement and legal certainty, also the weakness of the national leadership under the tyranny of capital and oligarchs.
Referensi
Bresnan, John, Managing Indonesia, The Modern Political Economy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Chaidar Al, Blake Respini and Herdi Sahrasad, From Shariaism to Terrorism, Islam in Indonesia Post-Authoritarian, forthcoming, Jakarta: Centre for Strategic Studies University of Indonesia (CSS-UI), 2015.
Diamond, Larry and Leonardo Morlino, The Quality of Democracy: An Overview”, Journal of Democracy 15 October 2004.
Geertz, Clifford, After the Facts: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist,Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Hicks, Jacqueline. Heresy and Authority: Understanding the turnagainst Ahmadiyah in Indonesia, KITLV, January 12, 2013
Linz Juan and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996
Media Indonesia 05/2/2011 and Kompas 06-02-2011.
Newsweek special edition of December 1999 – February 2000
Prasodjo, Imam B.,’’the End of Indonesia?’’ dalam Indonesia 2001, Kehilangan Pamor, penerbit Kompas, 2002. Imam is a lecturer of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UI.
Sahrasad, Herdi, Indonesian State and Society post New Order, a paper for a limited discussion on Islam, State and Society in Indonesia Post Soeharto organized by activists of HMI (Islamic Student Association), PII (Pelajar Islam Indonesia), and Pimpinan Pusat GPII (Gerakan Pemuda Islam Indonesia) Menteng Raya Jakarta, in December 2004.
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, Konsolidasi Demokrasi, paper, Menko Polsoskam, 2002.
Endnotes
Religious Violence in Indonesia, http://www.indonesia-investments.com/news/todays-headlines/religious-violence-indonesia-buddhist-temples-tanjung-balai-damaged/item7056
Media Indonesia 05/2/2011 and Kompas 06-02-2011.
Jacqueline Hicks, Heresy and Authority: Understanding the turnagainst Ahmadiyah in Indonesia, KITLV, January 12, 2013
Clifford Geertz , After the Facts: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist,Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Al Chaidar, Blake Respini and Herdi Sahrasad, From Shariaism to Terrorism, Islam in Indonesia Post-Authoritarian, forthcoming, Jakarta: Centre for Strategic Studies University of Indonesia (CSS-UI), 2015.
John Bresnan, Managing Indonesia, The Modern Political Economy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
John Bresnan, Managing. Indonesia: The Modern Political Economy , New York: Columbia University Press, 1993
Herdi Sahrasad, Indonesian State and Society post New Order, a paper for a limited discussion on Islam, State and Society in Indonesia Post Soeharto organized by activists of HMI (Islamic Student Association), PII (Pelajar Islam Indonesia), and Pimpinan Pusat GPII (Gerakan Pemuda Islam Indonesia) Menteng Raya Jakarta, in December 2004.
"Our leaders in this period of transition are not as good as the generation of Soekarno-Hatta-Sjahrir, who had strong commitments, with also strong leadership weight and quality. The complexity of problems faced by the Habibie, Gus Dur and Mega-Hamzah genre could not be solved by themselves, because as leaders in the era of transition, they were not creative and did not have initiatives," interview with an Islamic intellectual Muslim Abdurrahman, and Hariman Siregar, former figure of Malari at the In-Demo, Lautze, Jakarta, in mid June 2004.
Robert I. Rotberg the Director of Conflict Program of John F Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, in a seminar conducted by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta (Kompas, March 28, 2002). See, Robert I. Rotberg, editor, When States Fail: Causes and Consequences, Princeton University Press, 2003.
"It is still necessary to keep maintaining the freedom of press, because it is a very important factor to prevent a country from undergoing failures," said Rotberg who also holds a post in the World Peace Foundation.
Imam B. Prasodjo,’’the End of Indonesia?’’ dalam Indonesia 2001, Kehilangan Pamor, penerbit Kompas, 2002. Imam is a lecturer of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UI.
Van Zorge Report, May 20, 2002
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Konsolidasi Demokrasi, paper, Menko Polsoskam, 2002
Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, ibid
Newsweek special edition of December 1999 – February 2000
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Konsolidasi Demokrasi, paper, Menko Polsoskam, 2002
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono-Jusuf Kalla Visi dan Misi Kandidat Presiden, The Brighton Institute: materi-pamlet kampanye pemilihan presiden, 2004.
Larry Diamond and Leonardo Morlino, The Quality of Democracy: An Overview”, Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004), pp. 20-31