Metafisika Cahaya Suhrawardi
Abstrak
This article deals with the critique toward west philosophy in terms of the proportion of reason in gaining knowledge. It employs qualitative analysis on his research. The author initially collects documents and relevant materials in relation to the topic then analyze them. As stated in the article, the author believe that the Muslim thinkers tend to contend that west philosophy mainly focus on Aristotelian logic rather than the concept of Plato and Plotinus mystic. Suhrawardi, in this sense, is one of the Muslim philosophers is standing to support Plato’s idea. He, as contended by the author, further developed Plato’s idea into teosofi concept. Teosofi introduces a new approach which combines philosophical theory and peripatetic tradition through Sufism. The author come to conclude that Suhrawardi tend to see the truth can not be reached by the philosopher who solely employ the reason through philosophy or Sufism. Both need to be combined with teosofi concept as popularly discussed in his magnum opus, hikmat al-isyraq. Suhrawardi discussed the contrast between philosophy and Sufism in his book and offer solution which is further called teosofi.
Referensi
Fakhry, Majid, A History of Islamic Philosophy, (New York & London: Columbia University Press, 1970).
al-Hulw, 'Abdu, "al-Isyraqiyyah" dalam Ma'in Ziyadah, al-Mawsu'at al-Falsafiyyat al-'Arabiyyah, (ttp): Ma'had al-Inma' al-'Arabi, 1988).
Iqbal, Mohammad, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia: A Contribution to the History of Muslim Philosophy, (Lahore: Bazam-i-Iqbal, cet. III, 1964).
Nasr. Seyyed Hossein, Science and Civilization in Islam, (New York, Toronto & London: New American Library, 1970).
---------, "Syihab al-Din Suhrawardi Maqtul" dalam M.M. Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, vol. I, (ttp): Otto Hararassowitz-Wiesbaden, 1966).
---------, Islamic Studies: Essays on Low and Society, The Science, and Philosophy and Sufism, (Beirut: Libaire Du Liban, 1967)
---------, "Theology, Philosophy and Spirituality", dalam Nasr (ed.), Islamic Spirituality, (New York, 1991)
---------, Science and Civilization in Islam, (New York, Toronto & London: New American Library, 1970)
---------, Knowledge and the Sacred (1990).
---------, Sufi Essays (1972).
---------, Tsalatsah Hukama Muslim, terjemahan, Ahmad Mujahid, Tiga Pemikir Muslim: Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, Ibn 'Arabi, (Bandung: Risalah, 1986)
Qadir, C.A. , Philosophy and Science in The Islamic World, (London, New York & Sidney: Croom Helm, 1988), p. 328.
Rahman, Fazlur Islam, (Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1979)
Schimmel, Annemarie, Mystical Dimension of Islam (Chapel Hill: The University North Carolina Press, 1975).
Schuon, Frithjof, Islam and the Perennial Philosophy, (1976).
---------, The Transcendent Unity of Religions (1975)
Venturi, Lionello, "Illumination", dalam Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, (New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co, 1976).
Yazdi, Mehdi Ha'iri, The Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy: Knowledge by Presence, (New York: State University of New York, 1992).
Ziai, Hossein Knowledge and Illumination: A Suhrawardi's Hikmat al-Isyraq, (Atlanta, Gerfia: Scholar Press, [tt])