Peran Sosial Media dalam Kampanye Boikot Produk Pro Israel di Indonesia
Abstrak
Sosial media merupakan alat komunikasi paling popular di dunia saat ini termasuk untuk kegiatan aktivisme digital transnasional.
Sosial media membantu menyuarakan suara orang-orang biasa, membangun kesadaran, dan menyebarkan berbagai gagasan ke berbagai tempat. Salah satunya dalam konteks konflik Israel-Palestina. Persoalan yang terjadi di Palestina untuk itu menjadi penting untuk dikaji. Sebagai sebuah fenomena global yang kini tengah mendapat perhatian berbagai pihak di seluruh dunia, isu Palestina telah menjadi isu kemanusiaan. Untuk itu tulisan ini mempertanyakan bagaimana keikutsertaan aktor non-negara dalam membangun narasi dan upaya untuk menghentikan perang dan perdamaian melalui sosial media, termasuk dalam hal ini umat muslim Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan media dalam memahami aktivisme transnasional Gerakan Boikot produk Pro Israel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dengan banyaknya masyarakat Indonesia yang merupakan kaum muda dan pengguna aktif sosial media, kampanye tersebut telah berdampak terhadap perdagangan dan konsumsi barang serta jasa yang berasal dari merk atau produk terafiliasi Israel. Meski reaksi dari asosiasi, pengusaha dan pihak terkait cukup kuat untuk mendorong pemerintah Indonesia melarang aksi tersebut. Namun, kekuatan masyarakat sipil dan lembaga seperti MUI, Muhammadiyah dan NU sulit untuk dibendung dalam kampanye global ini. Ini sebab organisasi tersebut dan berbagai tokoh publik ikut mendukung hal tersebut. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa meski upaya pada level pemerintah sudah dilakukan dan belum mampu menghentikan serangan dan melindungi hak-hak rakyat sipil di Palestina, strategi di akar rumput bisa menjadi alternatif untuk mengubah situasi global dan menghentikan krisis kemanusiaan yang terjadi di Palestina.
Referensi
Afifa, Laila, ‘65% of Indonesian Muslims Support Boycott of Pro-Israeli Goods’, Tempo, 2024
Alexander, Kristian, ‘Consumers Protest the Gaza War by Boycotting US Goods’, The Henry L. Stimson Center, 2024
Annur, Cindy Mutia, ‘Ada 185 Juta Pengguna Internet Di Indonesia Pada Januari 2024’, Katadata, 2024
———, ‘Gen Z Terdepan Dalam Aksi Boikot Produk Pro Israel’, 2024
———, ‘Indonesia Masuk Top 10 Negara Paling Betah Main Medsos’, Katadata, 2024
———, ‘Ini Media Sosial Paling Banyak Digunakan Di Indonesia Awal 2024’, Katadata, 2024
———, ‘Populasi Muslim Indonesia Terbanyak Di Asia Tenggara, Berapa Jumlahnya?’, Katadata, 2023
Aulia, Dea Duta, ‘Aksi Boikot Produk Israel Ubah Pola Konsumsi Masyarakat Ke Brand Lokal’, Detiknews, 2024
Auxier, Brooke, ‘Social Media Continue to Be Important Political Outlets for Black Americans’, Pew Research Center, 2020
BBC Indonesia, ‘Ancaman PHK Di Indonesia Imbas Aksi Boikot Israel - 'Karyawan Kontrak Benar-Benar Kena Dampaknya’’, BBC News Indonesia, 2023
———, ‘Jokowi Desak Biden Untuk Dorong Israel Hentikan Serangan Ke Gaza, Tapi “Tidak Ditanggapi”’, BBC News Indonesia, 2023
———, ‘Seruan Boikot Israel Di Media Sosial, Apakah Akan Berdampak Terhadap Israel?’, BBC News Indonesia, 2023
Bjola, Corneliu, and Marcus Holmes, ‘Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice’, Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2015, 1–238
Bleiker, Roland, ‘Activism after Seattle: Dilemmas of the Anti-Globalisation Movement’, Pacifica Review: Peace, Security & Global Change, 14.3 (2002)
Chadha, Monica, and Summer Harlow, ‘The Writing Is on the Wall, or Is It? Exploring Indian Activists’ Beliefs about Online Social Media’s Potential for Social Change’, International Journal of Communication, 9.1 (2015)
Comunello, Francesca, and Giuseppe Anzera, ‘Will the Revolution Be Tweeted? A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Social Media and the Arab Spring’, Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 23.4 (2012)
Cooper, Kylie, ‘The Effectiveness of Online Activism: Who It Is Effective For, What Issues It Is Effective For, and What Time Period It Is Effective For’ (University at Albany, State University of New YorkUniversity at Albany, State University of New York, 2023)
Council of Europe, ‘Peace and Violenc’, Council of Europe, 2024
Council on Foreign Relations., ‘Israeli-Palestinian Conflict’, Council on Foreign Relations, 2024
Das, Kaushik, Michael Gryseesl, Priyanka Sudhir, Khoon Tee Tan, Unlocking Indonesia’s Digital Opportunity, 2016
Davies, Thomas R., and Alejandro M. Peña, ‘Social Movements and International Relations: A Relational Framework’, Journal of International Relations and Development, 24.1 (2021)
DIPLO, ‘Internet and Social Media: A Focus on Diplomacy - Diplo’, 2021
Drezner, Daniel W., ‘The International Relations of Facebook’, Foreign Policy, 2009
George, Jordana J., and Dorothy E. Leidner, ‘From Clicktivism to Hacktivism: Understanding Digital Activism’, Information and Organization, 29.3 (2019)
Gerbaudo, Paolo, and Emiliano Treré, ‘In Search of the “We” of Social Media Activism: Introduction to the Special Issue on Social Media and Protest Identities’, Information Communication and Society, 2015, 865–71
Grinin, L., Korotayev, A., Tausch, A. and Tausch, A., ‘Islamism, Arab Spring, and the Future of Democracy’, in Springer, 2019, pp. 311–45
Howard, Philip N., Aiden Duffy, Deen Freelon, Muzammil M. Hussain, Will Mari, and Marwa Mazaid, ‘Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring?’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015
Hroub, Khaled, ‘(Social) Media and Politics and the Arab Spring Moment’, European Institute of the Meditaranian, 2024, pp. 145–50
Intan, Novita, ‘Boikot Produk Israel, Ekonom: Indonesia Bisa Buat Central Boycott Office’, 2023
Kaslam, ‘Solidaritas Global: Gerakan Kemanusiaan Untuk Palestina Di Indonesia’, Jurnal Ushuluddin: Media Dialog Pemikiran Islam, 26.1 (2024), 38–68
Kemlu, ‘Press Briefing Kunjungan Menteri Luar Negeri Extraordinary Meeting of the D-8 Council of Foreign Ministers to Discuss the Situation in Gaza Istanbul, 8 Juni 2024’, 2024
———, ‘The 57th ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Meeting and Post Ministerial Conference Di Vientiane, Laos’, 2024
Keohane, RO, Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World, 2002
Klotz, Audie, ‘Transnational Activism and Global Transformations: The Anti-Apartheid and Abolitionist Experiences’, European Journal of International Relations, 2002
Kominfo, ‘Pengguna Internet Meningkat, Kominfo Galang Kolaborasi Tingkatkan Kualitas Layanan’ (SIARAN PERS NO. 80/HM/KOMINFO/01/2024: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), 2024)
Kreps, Sarah, Social Media and International Relations, Social Media and International Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
Lee, Francis L. F., ‘Local Press Meets Transnational Activism: News Dynamics in an Anti‐WTO Protest’, Chinese Journal of Communication, 1.1 (2008), 55–76
McGregor, Shannon C., ‘“Taking the Temperature of the Room”: How Political Campaigns Use Social Media to Understand and Represent Public Opinion’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 84.S1 (2020)
Mede, Niels G., and Ralph Schroeder, ‘The “Greta Effect” on Social Media: A Systematic Review of Research on Thunberg’s Impact on Digital Climate Change Communication’, Environmental Communication, 2024
Monika Winarnita, Nasya Bahfen et al, ‘Et Al’, 2020
Muhamad, Nabilah, ‘Kenapa Orang Indonesia Boikot Produk Pro Israel? Ini Surveinya’, Katadata, 2024
———, ‘Milenial Mendominasi Kelompok Pengguna Facebook Indonesia April 2024’, Katadata, 2024
MUI, ‘MUI: Boikot Produk Pro Israel Untuk Lemahkan Perekonomian Negara Zionis’, MUI, 2024
NUGRAHA, DIMAS WARADITYA, ‘Aksi Boikot Israel Mulai Memukul Ritel Domestik’, 2023
Oxfam International, ‘Daily Death Rate in Gaza Higher than Any Other Major 21st Century Conflict - Oxfam’, Oxfam, 2024
Pew Research Center, ‘Social Media Seen as Mostly Good for Democracy Across Many Nations, But U.S. Is a Major Outlier | Pew Research Center’, 2022
Della Porta, Donatella, and Sidney Tarrow, ‘Transnational Processes and Social Activism: An Introduction’, Transnational Protest and Global …, 2005, 1–18
Quiano, Kathy, and James Griffiths, ‘Blasphemy Protests: Indonesian Police Investigating Christian Governor’, 2016
Rosamond, Annika Bergman, and Katharine A.M. Wright, ‘Digital Celebrity Diplomacy in the UN Security Council Elections: Canada, Ireland and Kenya’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 3.1 (2023)
Ruehl, Mercedes, and A. Anantha Lakshmi, ‘Private Equity Groups Halt South-East Asia Deals amid Gaza Boycotts’, 2024
Sadiki, Larbi, ‘The Arab Spring: The ’people’in International Relations’, in International Relations of the Middle East (Oxford University Press, 2016)
Sari, Haryanti Puspa, ‘Soal Aksi Boikot Produk Pro Israel, Hippindo: Itu Rugikan Bangsa Sendiri’, Kompas, 2024
Shamim, Sarah, ‘Why Are Social Media Users Blocking Celebrities over Israel’s Gaza War?’, AL Jazeera, 2024
SHIBATA, NANA, and ISMI DAMAYANTI dan NORMAN GOH, ‘Boikot Konsumen Indonesia, Malaysia Menimpa McDonald’s, Starbucks Dan Lainnya’, 2024
Sorce, Giuliana, and Delia Dumitrica, ‘Transnational Dimensions in Digital Activism and Protest’, Review of Communication, 22.3 (2022), pp.157-174
———, ‘Transnational Dimensions in Digital Activism and Protest’, Review of Communication, 2022, 157–74
Taylor, Philip, ‘Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945’, Global Communications, International Affairs and the Media Since 1945, 2002
UN, Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza Can Only Be Solved through ‘a Political Solution’, Based on Two States, Secretary-General Tells Jordan Conference
———, ‘Secretary-General Underscores Two-State Solution Only Way to End Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, One-State Formula Inconceivable, in Day-Long Debate’ (For information media. Not an official record, 2024)
———, ‘Security Council Demands Immediate Ceasefire in Gaza for Month of Ramadan, Adopting Resolution 2728 (2024) with 14 Members Voting in Favour, United States Abstaining’, United Nations, 2024
———, ‘Speakers in Security Council Condemn Deadly Israeli Airstrikes on Aid Workers in Gaza, Urge Immediate Action to End Violations of International Humanitarian Law’ (For information media. Not an official record., 2024)
Un Women, ‘UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson’, 2024
Wang, Yaqiu, Rituparna Chatterjee, and Et Al, ‘#MeToo Is at a Crossroads in America. Around the World, It’s Just Beginning’, Washington Post, 2020
Westcott, Nicholas, Digital Diplomacy: The Impact of the Internet on International Relations, 2008
Wolfsfeld, Gadi, Elad Segev, and Tamir Sheafer, ‘Social Media and the Arab Spring: Politics Comes First’, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18.2 (2013), 115 –137
Wong, Belle, ‘Top Social Media Statistics And Trends’, 2024
Zahra, y Natasya, ‘Enhancing Inclusion in the National Digital Literacy Index: From Measurement to Empowerment’ (Center for Indonesian Policy Studies, 2023)
Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, Maria Petrova, and Ruben Enikolopov, ‘Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media’, Annual Review of Economics, 2020
Zulian, Pradana Boy, ‘Indonesian Muslims’ Responses to the Palestine-Israel Conflict: Fragmented No More?’, ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 2024