KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI BAKTERI PENAMBAT NITROGEN DAN PELARUT FOSFAT DARI BERBAGAI LINGKUNGAN AGROEKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Abstrak
This descriptive study aims to determine the morphological diversity of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from various agro-ecosystem environments in Takalar Regency. The research was done from September 2018 to April 2019. Soil samples were taken from dried land, irrigated rice fields, and rice fields of the south Galesong District. Colony morphology was isolated and characterized in the Laboratory of Bio-Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, and cell morphology was characterized in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya. The results showed variations in the morphological characteristics of the bacteria. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolates in irrigated rice fields were SIT02, PNSIT01, and PNSIT02, while the chili fields were PNTC01, PNTC02, and PNSIT02. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria in irrigated rice fields were SIT01, SIT03, SIT04, and SIT05, the chili fields were TC01 and TC02 isolates, and the dry land was TK01. The characteristics of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolates are round to stem, Gram-positive and negative, round to irregular colony shape, convex elevation, glossy surface, flat to choppy margins, and white to yellow. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria with a spherical colony form, convex to flat elevation, glossy surface, flat to wavy edges, and white color.##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Referensi
Atlas, R.M. (2009). Handbook of Microbiologycal Media 4th Edition. Taylor and Francis : CRC press web site.
Fajrin, V.N., Erdiansyah, I. & Damanhuri, 2017. Koleksi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penambat N Pada Pusat Lokasi Tanaman Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Di Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Agriprima, 1(2), 143-153. https://agriprima.polije.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/view/v1i2-f/pdf.
Garner, F.P, Pearce, R.B. & Mirchel, R.I. (1995). Phyciology of Crop Plants. Lowa: The Lowa States University Press.
Gheeta, K., Venkatesham, E., Hindumathi, A., & Bhadraiah, B. (2014). Isolation, Screening and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Their Effect on Vigna radita (L.) R.Wilczek. Int. Jurnal Curr. Microbiol. 3(6), 799-809. https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-3-6/K.Geetha,%20et%20al.pdf.
Handayanto, E. & Hairiyah, K. (2007). Biologi Tanah Landasan Pengelolaan Tanah Sehat. Edisi 1. Jakarta: Pustaka Adipura.
Hartono & Jumadi, O. (2014). Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen Non Simbiotik Pengekskresi Amonium pada Tanah Pertanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) dan Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Asal Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Jurnal Sainsmat, 3(2), 143-153. http://ojs.unm.ac.id/index.php/sainsmat/article/view/1122.
Idriss, E.E., Makarewicz, O., Farouk, A., Rosner, K., Grenier, R., Bochow, H., Richter, T., & Borris, R. (2002). Extracellular Phytase Activity of Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens FZB45 Contributs to Its Plant-Growth-Promoting Effect. Jurnal Microbiology. 148 (Pt 7), 2097 – 2109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12101298/.
Irfan, M. (2014). Isolasi dan Enumerasi Bakteri Tanah Gambut di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Tambang Hijau Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 5(1), 1–8. http://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/agroteknologi/article/view/1141/1030.
Latupapua, H.J.D & Suliasih. (2001). Daya Pacu Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat dan Penambat Nitrogen pada Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 3(2), 99-107. https://ejournal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/jurnal_biologi_indonesia/article/view/3477.
Marlina, N., Silviana & Gofar, N. (2013). Seleksi Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen (Azospirillum dan Azotobacter) Asal Rhizosfer Tanaman Budidaya di Lahan Lebak untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Rapat Tahunan Bidang Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian BKS-PTN Wilayah Barat Tahun 2013, 1, 19−20. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&cluster=3677403907820811055.
Mukamto, Ulfah, S., Mahalina, W., Syauqi, A., Istiqfaroh, L., & Trimulyono, G. (2015). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bacillus sp. Pelarut Fosfat dari Rhizosfer Tanaman Leguminosae. Jurnal Sains dan Matematika, 3(2), 62 – 68. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/sainsmatematika/article/view/221.
Nursanti, Ida. (2017). Teknologi Produksi dan Aplikasi Mikroba Pelarut Hara sebagai Pupuk Hayati. Jurnal Media Pertanian, 2(1), 24 – 36. http://jagro.unbari.ac.id/index.php/agro/article/view/24.
Pambudi., A, Noriko, N. & Sari, E.P. (2016). Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Tanah Sawah di Kecamatan Medan Satria dan Bekasi Utara, Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(4), 187-195. https://jurnal.uai.ac.id/index.php/SST/article/view/233.
Pratiwi, S.T. (2008). Mikrobiologi Farmasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Airlangga.
Prayudyaningsih, R., Nursyamsi & Sari, R. (2015). Mikroorganisme Tanah Bermanfaat pada Rhizosfer Tanaman Umbi diBawah Tegakan Hutan Rakyat Sulawesi Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 1 (4), 954-959. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300783229_Mikroorganisme_tanah_bermanfaat_pada_rhizosfer_tanaman_umbi_di_bawah_tegakan_hutan_rakyat_Sulawesi_Selatan.
Puspitawati, M.D., Sugiyanta, & Anas, I. (2013). Pemanfaatan Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat untuk Mengurangi Dosis Pupuk P Anorganik pada Padi Sawah. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 41 (3), 188 – 195. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalagronomi/article/view/8095.
Raharjo, B., Suprihadi, A. & D.K, Agustina. (2007). Pelarut Fosfat Anorganik oleh Kultur Campuran Jamur Pelarut Fosfat Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Sains & Matematika (JSM), 15(2), 45-54. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/sm/article/view/3262.
Rao, S. (1982). Biofertilizer in Agriculture. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
Rochayati, S. & Dariah, A. (2012). Pengembangan Lahan Kering Masam, Peluang, Tantangan dan Strategi serta Teknologi Pengelolaan. Dalam: Prospek Pertanian Lahan Kering Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan. Jakarta: IAARD Press.
Roni., N.G.K & Lindawati, S.A. (2018). Kajian Partial Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen Non Simbiotik Asal Rhizosfer Tanaman Gamal Sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Pada Lahan Sistem Tiga Strata Pecatu. Jurnal Pastura, 7(2), 78-82. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/pastura/article/view/45509.
Saraswati, R., Husen, E. & Simanungkalit, R.D.M. (2007). Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah. Bogor: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Sharma., S.B., Sayyed R.Z., Trivedi, M.H. & Gobi T.A. (2013). Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes: Sustainable Approach for Managing Phosphorus Deficiency in Agricultural Soils. Springer Plus, 2(587), 1-14. https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-2-587.
Silitonga., D.M., Priyani, N., & Nurwahyuni, I. (2013). Isolasi dan Uji Isolat Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Bakteri Penghasil Hormon IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kedelai (Glycine max L.) pada Tanah Kuning. Jurnal Saintia Biologi, 1(2), 35-41. http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/sbiologi/article/view/1280/667.
Simanungkalit, R.D.M. (2000). Apakah Pupuk Hayati dapat Menggantikan Pupuk Kimia?: Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Pangan IV. Jakarta: Puslitbangtan. Badan Litbang Pertanian.
Somasegaran, P., & Hoben, H. J. (1994). Handbook for Rhizobia. New York, NY: Springer New York.
Suliasih & Widawati, S. (2015). Peningkatan Hasil Jagung dengan Menggunakan Pupuk Organik Hayati (POH). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 1 (1), 145-149. http://lipi.go.id/publikasi/peningkatan-hasil-tanaman-jagung-zea-mays-dengan-menggunakan-pupuk-organik-hayati-poh/3828.
Supriyo. A, Minarsih, S., & Prayudi, B. (2014). Efektifitas Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Gogo pada Tanah Kering. Jurnal Agritech, 16(1), 1 – 12. http://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/AGRITECH/article/view/1014.
Widawati, S & Suliasih. (2006). Populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF) di Cikaniki, Gunung Botol dan Ciptarasa, serta Kemampuanya Melarutkan P Terikat di Media Pikovskaya Padat. Jurnal Biodiversitas, 7(2), 109 – 113. https://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D0702/D070203.pdf.
Wuriesyliane, Gofar, N., Madjid, A., Widjajanti, H. & Ni Luh Putu, S.R. (2013). Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi pada Inseptisol Asal Rawa Lebak yang Diinokulasi Berbagai Konsorsium Bakteri Penyumbang Unsur Hara. Jurnal Lahan Sub Optimal, 2(1), 18-27. https://jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jlso/article/view/32.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-sa4.footer##Authors who publish with Jurnal Biotek agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
