Evaluasi Aplikasi DNA Barcode Lokus psbA-trnH pada Genus Momordica
Abstrak
Analisis molekuler telah mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, salah satunya melalui penerapan metode DNA barcode yang didukung dengan adanya pusat data genetika dan molekuler yaitu NCBI. Namun, hingga saat ini belum ada konsensus lokus DNA barcode region standar dan universal yang dapat digunakan pada tanaman dari berbagai taxa. Salah satu lokus telah banyak terkumpul pada NCBI adalah psbA-trnH, diantaranya data dari genus Momordica. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas DNA barcode dengan lokus psbA-trnH pada genus Momordica. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data sekuens lokus psbA-trnH genus Momordica pada database NCBI. Data sekuens yang memenuhi kriteria selanjutnya disejajarkan dan dianalisis menggunakan software MEGA 11. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis variasi sekuens, rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik berdasarkan metode maximum parsimony dan maximum likelihood dengan bootstrap 1000x, dan perhitungan nilai jarak genetik berdasarkan pairwise distance dengan model subtitusi Kimura-2-Parameter (K2P). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokus psbA-trnH terbukti memenuhi ketiga prinsip pemilihan DNA barcode region yaitu standarisasi, minimalisme, dan skalabilitas. Lokus psbA-trnH terbukti mampu menggambarkan variasi genetik genus Momordica baik pada level interspesies maupun intraspesies, tetapi masih belum cukup efektif untuk menggambarkan kekerabatan antar taxa, sehingga perlu dikombinasikan dengan lokus barcode region lainnya melalui uji dan kajian lanjutan.
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